---
title: trainer — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «trainer» in the school dictionary: A person who teaches people or animals to do something, especially a sport or a skill, like a football trainer or a dog trainer. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# trainer

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** person, trainers, soft sports shoes, Americans, you, I · **What happens:** teach, do, be, run, say, use · **To what, where:** people, something, soft sports shoes, sneakers, thing, trainers · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«trainer» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [trainer in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/trainer.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A person who teaches people or animals to do something, especially a sport or a skill, like a football trainer or a dog trainer.

<!-- fold The tree, 24 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:trainer:m1:1
# text = A person who teaches people or animals to do something, especially a sport or a skill, like a football trainer or a dog trainer.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
4	teaches	teach	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
5	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
10	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	sport	sport	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	skill	skill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
19	like	like	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
21	football	football	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	compound	_	_
22	trainer	trainer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	appos	_	_
23	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
24	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
25	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	compound	_	_
26	trainer	trainer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **teach** *speech: other* | present | a person |  | people or animals |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent people=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 2 | **do** | to-infinitive | a person *not said here* | something |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In British, Irish and Australian English, trainers are soft sports shoes for running and games (Americans say sneakers).

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:trainer:m2:1
# text = In British, Irish and Australian English, trainers are soft sports shoes for running and games (Americans say sneakers).
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
2	British	British	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	Irish	Irish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	Australian	Australian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	_
7	English	English	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
9	trainers	trainer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nsubj	_	_
10	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
11	soft	soft	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
12	sports	sport	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	compound	_	_
13	shoes	shoe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	parataxis	_	_
14	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
15	running	run	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	13	acl	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	games	game	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	conj	_	_
18	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	Americans	American	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	20	nsubj	_	_
20	say	say	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	parataxis	_	_
21	sneakers	sneaker	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | trainers | soft sports shoes and games |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **run** | gerund | soft sports shoes and games *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | Americans | sneakers |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent sneaker=Topic |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A thing used for practice, like training wheels (stabilisers) or a trainer cup for a baby.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:trainer:m3:1
# text = A thing used for practice, like training wheels (stabilisers) or a trainer cup for a baby.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	practice	practice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	like	like	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	training	training	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	wheels	wheel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
10	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	stabilisers	stabiliser	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	11	punct	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	trainer	trainer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	_
16	cup	cup	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
17	for	for	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	baby	baby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | participle |  | a thing *not said here* |  |  |  | for practice; like training wheels or a trainer cup for a baby | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Put your trainers on for PE.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:trainer:x1:1
# text = Put your trainers on for PE.
1	Put	put	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	trainers	trainer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	PE	pe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put** | imperative | you *not said here* | your trainers |  | PE |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent trainer=Theme on pe=Destination |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I need new trainers because mine have a hole.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:trainer:x2:1
# text = I need new trainers because mine have a hole.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	need	need	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	trainers	trainer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
6	mine	my	PRON	PRP	Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	hole	hole	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **need** | present | I | new trainers |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot trainer=Theme |
| 2 | **have** | present | mine | a hole |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hole=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The trainer made us run three laps of the field.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:trainer:x3:1
# text = The trainer made us run three laps of the field.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	trainer	trainer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	run	run	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	laps	lap	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	field	field	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | the trainer | us |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **run** | infinitive | us *not said here* | three laps of the field |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme lap=Trajectory |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The dog trainer taught Rex to sit and stay.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:trainer:x4:1
# text = The dog trainer taught Rex to sit and stay.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	trainer	trainer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	taught	teach	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	Rex	Rex	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	sit	sit	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	stay	stay	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **teach** *speech: other* | past | the dog trainer |  | Rex |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent rex=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 2 | **sit** | to-infinitive | the dog trainer *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **stay** | infinitive | the dog trainer *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My big sister has a personal trainer at the gym.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:trainer:x5:1
# text = My big sister has a personal trainer at the gym.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	sister	sister	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	personal	personal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	trainer	trainer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
8	at	at	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	gym	gym	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | My big sister | a personal trainer |  | the gym |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent trainer=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The horse trainer gave the pony an apple.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:trainer:x6:1
# text = The horse trainer gave the pony an apple.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	trainer	trainer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	pony	pony	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	apple	apple	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | the horse trainer | a apple | the pony |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent pony=Recipient apple=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Tie your trainer laces so you do not trip.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:trainer:x7:1
# text = Tie your trainer laces so you do not trip.
1	Tie	tie	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	trainer	trainer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	laces	lace	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	acl:relcl	_	_
5	so	so	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
6	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
7	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
8	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
9	trip	trip	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tie** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **lace** | present | your trainer |  |  |  |  |  | vn tape-22.4 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **not** **trip** | present · do-support | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our football trainer says practice makes progress.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:trainer:x8:1
# text = Our football trainer says practice makes progress.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	football	football	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	trainer	trainer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	practice	practice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	ccomp	_	_
7	progress	progress	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | Our football trainer |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **make** | present | practice | progress |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset progress=Product |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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