---
title: transgression — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «transgression» in the school dictionary: An action that breaks a rule, law or moral code; a wrongdoing. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# transgression

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** action, sea, formal pupil, pupil, formal, transgression · **What happens:** break, spread, apologise, transgress, talk, be · **To what, where:** rule, land, exam hall, serious transgression, plain words, transgressions

<!-- .vabout -->
«transgression» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [transgression in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/transgression.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An action that breaks a rule, law or moral code; a wrongdoing.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:transgression:m1:1
# text = An action that breaks a rule, law or moral code; a wrongdoing.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	action	action	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
4	breaks	break	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	rule	rule	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	law	law	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	moral	moral	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	code	code	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	wrongdoing	wrongdoing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **break** | present | a action and a wrongdoing | a rule  law or moral code |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer rule=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal, religion — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A sin.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:transgression:m2:1
# text = A sin.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sin	sin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: geology — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
When the sea spreads over the land.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:transgression:m3:1
# text = When the sea spreads over the land.
1	When	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	4	mark	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	spreads	spread	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	over	over	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spread** | present | the sea |  |  | the land |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over land=Location |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
(formal) The pupil apologised for his transgression.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:transgression:x1:1
# text = (formal) The pupil apologised for his transgression.
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	formal	formal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
4	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	pupil	pupil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	apologised	apologise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	transgression	transgression	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **apologise** *speech: apologize* | past | the formal pupil |  |  |  |  | for pupil's transgression | tree rules |
| 2 | **transgress** |  | pupil |  |  |  |  |  | nom transgression «act intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
(formal) Talking in the exam hall is a serious transgression.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:transgression:x2:1
# text = (formal) Talking in the exam hall is a serious transgression.
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	formal	formal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
4	Talking	talk	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	12	csubj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	exam	exam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	hall	hall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	serious	serious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	transgression	transgression	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **talk** | gerund |  |  |  | the exam hall |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | present | formal | a serious transgression |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In plain words, a transgression is breaking a rule.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:transgression:x3:1
# text = In plain words, a transgression is breaking a rule.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	plain	plain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	transgression	transgression	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	breaking	break	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	rule	rule	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **break** | present · progressive | a transgression | a rule |  | plain words |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer rule=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
(formal) The king forgave the knight's transgressions.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:transgression:x4:1
# text = (formal) The king forgave the knight's transgressions.
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	formal	formal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
4	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	forgave	forgive	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	knight	knight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	's	's	PART	POS	_	8	case	_	_
10	transgressions	transgression	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **forgive** | past | the formal king | the knight's transgressions |  |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent transgression=Theme |
| 2 | **transgress** |  | the knight |  |  |  |  |  | nom transgression «act intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Even small transgressions were punished in the strict old school.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:transgression:x5:1
# text = Even small transgressions were punished in the strict old school.
1	Even	even	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
2	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	transgressions	transgression	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	punished	punish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
8	strict	strict	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
9	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **punish** | past · passive |  | small transgressions |  | the strict old school |  |  | vn prosecute-33.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
(formal) Any transgression of these rules will be reported.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:transgression:x6:1
# text = (formal) Any transgression of these rules will be reported.
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	formal	formal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
4	Any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	5	det	_	_
5	transgression	transgression	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj:pass	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	8	det	_	_
8	rules	rule	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
9	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
10	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	aux:pass	_	_
11	reported	report	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **report** | future · passive |  | any transgression of this rules |  |  |  |  | vn prosecute-33.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 2 | **transgress** |  | this rules |  |  |  |  |  | nom transgression «act intransitive»: of=agent |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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