---
title: transparency — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «transparency» in the school dictionary: Transparency is being see-through, letting light pass so you can see clearly through, like glass or clean water. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# transparency

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Transparency, light, you, people, We, Clean water · **What happens:** be, let, pass, see, mean, happen · **To what, where:** clear plastic sheet, transparency, great transparency, taxes, accounts, old overhead projector · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«transparency» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [transparency in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/transparency.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Transparency is being see-through, letting light pass so you can see clearly through, like glass or clean water.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:transparency:m1:1
# text = Transparency is being see-through, letting light pass so you can see clearly through, like glass or clean water.
1	Transparency	transparency	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	cop	_	_
4	see	see	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	through	thorough	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	letting	let	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	advcl	_	_
9	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
10	pass	pass	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	xcomp	_	_
11	so	so	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
12	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
13	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
14	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	advcl	_	_
15	clearly	clearly	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
16	through	through	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
18	like	like	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	glass	glass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
20	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
21	clean	clean	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Transparency |  |  |  |  | thorough *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **let** | gerund | Transparency *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **pass** | infinitive | light |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **see** | can | you |  |  |  |  | like glass or clean water; through *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Transparency means being open and honest so that people can see what is happening and why: transparency in government or in a company.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:transparency:m2:1
# text = Transparency means being open and honest so that people can see what is happening and why: transparency in government or in a company.
1	Transparency	transparency	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	cop	_	_
4	open	open	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	honest	honest	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	_
7	so	so	SCONJ	IN	ExtPos=SCONJ	11	mark	_	_
8	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	7	fixed	_	_
9	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj	_	_
10	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
11	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
12	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	14	nsubj	_	_
13	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
14	happening	happen	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	11	ccomp	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	11	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	_
18	transparency	transparency	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	appos	_	_
19	in	in	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	government	government	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	_
21	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
22	in	in	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	company	company	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Transparency |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** *not said to happen* | gerund | Transparency *not said here* |  |  |  |  | open *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **be** |  | Transparency *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **see** | can | people |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 5 | **happen** | present · progressive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: old — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A transparency is a clear plastic sheet with words or pictures on it, shown with an overhead projector, or a photographic slide.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:transparency:m3:1
# text = A transparency is a clear plastic sheet with words or pictures on it, shown with an overhead projector, or a photographic slide.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	transparency	transparency	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	clear	clear	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	plastic	plastic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	sheet	sheet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	pictures	picture	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	_
12	on	on	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	shown	show	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	conj	_	_
16	with	with	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
17	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	overhead	overhead	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	projector	projector	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
21	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
22	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
23	photographic	photographic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
24	slide	slide	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a transparency | a clear plastic sheet or a photographic slide |  |  |  | with words or pictures on it | tree rules |
| 2 | **show** | participle | a transparency *not said here* |  |  |  |  | with a overhead projector | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We tested the transparency of different materials with a torch.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:transparency:x1:1
# text = We tested the transparency of different materials with a torch.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	tested	test	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	transparency	transparency	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	different	different	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	materials	material	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	torch	torch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **test** | past | We | the transparency of different materials with a torch |  |  |  |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent transparency=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Clean water has great transparency.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:transparency:x2:1
# text = Clean water has great transparency.
1	Clean	clean	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	transparency	transparency	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Clean water | great transparency |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent transparency=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Voters want transparency about how taxes are spent.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:transparency:x3:1
# text = Voters want transparency about how taxes are spent.
1	Voters	voter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	want	want	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	transparency	transparency	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	about	about	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
5	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	8	advmod	_	_
6	taxes	tax	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
7	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	spent	spend	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **want** | present | Voters | transparency |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **spend** *not said to happen* | present · passive |  | taxes |  |  |  |  | vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Asset |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The club showed transparency by sharing its accounts.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:transparency:x4:1
# text = The club showed transparency by sharing its accounts.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	club	club	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	showed	show	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	transparency	transparency	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
6	sharing	share	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
7	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	accounts	account	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | past | the club | transparency |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent transparency=Recipient |
| 2 | **share** | gerund | the club *not said here* | club's accounts |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **account** |  | club |  |  |  |  |  | nom account «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The teacher put a transparency on the old overhead projector.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:transparency:x5:1
# text = The teacher put a transparency on the old overhead projector.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	put	put	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	transparency	transparency	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
8	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
9	overhead	overhead	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	projector	projector	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put** | past | the teacher | a transparency |  | the old overhead projector |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent transparency=Theme on projector=Destination |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Transparency means people can check a decision is fair.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:transparency:x6:1
# text = Transparency means people can check a decision is fair.
1	Transparency	transparency	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
4	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	check	check	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	ccomp	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	decision	decision	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	fair	fair	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Transparency |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **check** | can | people |  |  |  |  |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is** | present | a decision |  |  |  |  | fair *property* | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ice loses its transparency when it has lots of air bubbles.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:transparency:x7:1
# text = Ice loses its transparency when it has lots of air bubbles.
1	Ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	loses	lose	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	transparency	transparency	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	7	advmod	_	_
6	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
8	lots	lot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	bubbles	bubble	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lose** | present | Ice | Ice's transparency |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent transparency=Eventuality |
| 2 | **have** | present | Ice | lots of air bubbles |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lot=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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