---
title: transpiration — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «transpiration» in the school dictionary: The way plants lose water as water vapour through tiny holes in their leaves. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# transpiration

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** way plants, science, Transpiration, We, Water, tiny holes · **What happens:** lose, sweat, pull up, put, see, be · **To what, where:** water, tiny holes, roots, plastic bag, plant, transpiration · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«transpiration» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [transpiration in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/transpiration.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The way plants lose water as water vapour through tiny holes in their leaves.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:transpiration:m1:1
# text = The way plants lose water as water vapour through tiny holes in their leaves.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	lose	lose	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	as	as	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	vapour	vapour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
9	through	through	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	tiny	tiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	holes	hole	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lose** | present | way plants | water |  | tiny holes in plants's leaves |  | as water vapour | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Eventuality |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In science, sometimes also sweating in people and animals (rare).

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:transpiration:m2:1
# text = In science, sometimes also sweating in people and animals (rare).
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	science	science	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
4	sometimes	sometimes	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	6	advmod	_	_
5	also	also	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	sweating	sweat	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	acl	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	_
11	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	rare	rare	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sweat** | gerund | science *not said here* |  |  |  |  | in people and animals; sometimes *property* | vn breathe-40.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Transpiration pulls water up from the roots.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:transpiration:x1:1
# text = Transpiration pulls water up from the roots.
1	Transpiration	transpiration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	pulls	pull	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	up	up	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	roots	root	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pull up** | present | Transpiration | water |  | the roots |  |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent water=Theme from root=Initial\_Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We put a plastic bag over the plant to see transpiration.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:transpiration:x2:1
# text = We put a plastic bag over the plant to see transpiration.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	put	put	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	plastic	plastic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	bag	bag	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	over	over	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	plant	plant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
11	transpiration	transpiration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put** | past | We | a plastic bag |  | the plant |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent bag=Theme over plant=Destination |
| 2 | **see** | to-infinitive | We *not said here* | transpiration |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer transpiration=Stimulus |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Transpiration is faster on hot, windy days.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:transpiration:x3:1
# text = Transpiration is faster on hot, windy days.
1	Transpiration	transpiration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	faster	fast	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
5	hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	windy	windy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Transpiration |  |  |  | day | fast *property* | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Water leaves the plant through tiny holes called stomata.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:transpiration:x4:1
# text = Water leaves the plant through tiny holes called stomata.
1	Water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	leaves	leave	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	plant	plant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	through	through	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	tiny	tiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	holes	hole	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
8	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl	_	_
9	stomata	stomata	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leave** | present | Water | the plant |  | tiny holes |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent plant=Theme through hole=Location |
| 2 | **call** | participle | tiny holes *not said here* | stomata |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Transpiration is part of the water cycle.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:transpiration:x5:1
# text = Transpiration is part of the water cycle.
1	Transpiration	transpiration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	cycle	cycle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Transpiration | part |  |  |  | of the water cycle | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Celery in coloured water shows how water moves before transpiration.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:transpiration:x6:1
# text = Celery in coloured water shows how water moves before transpiration.
1	Celery	celery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	coloured	coloured	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
5	shows	show	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	8	advmod	_	_
7	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	moves	move	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	ccomp	_	_
9	before	before	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	transpiration	transpiration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | present | Celery in coloured water |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **move** | present | water |  |  | transpiration |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme before transpiration=Trajectory |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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