---
title: trauma — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «trauma» in the school dictionary: A very upsetting or frightening experience that can hurt someone's mind and feelings for a long time. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# trauma

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** upsetting experience, someone, children, Talking, doctor, informal · **What happens:** hurt, mind, say, need, take, talk · **To what, where:** mind, support, He, trauma unit, haircut, trauma · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«trauma» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [trauma in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/trauma.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A very upsetting or frightening experience that can hurt someone's mind and feelings for a long time.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:trauma:m1:1
# text = A very upsetting or frightening experience that can hurt someone's mind and feelings for a long time.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
2	very	very	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	upsetting	upsetting	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	frightening	frightening	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	_
6	experience	experience	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
8	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	hurt	hurt	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	acl:relcl	_	_
10	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	12	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	's	's	PART	POS	_	10	case	_	_
12	mind	mind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	feelings	feeling	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	conj	_	_
15	for	for	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hurt** | can | a upsetting experience | someone's mind and feelings |  |  | time |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer mind=Patient |
| 2 | **mind** |  | someone |  |  |  |  |  | nom mind «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: medicine — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A serious injury to the body, like from an accident.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:trauma:m2:1
# text = A serious injury to the body, like from an accident.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	serious	serious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	injury	injury	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	like	like	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	from	from	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	accident	accident	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: informal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Something upsetting, sometimes said jokingly about a small problem.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:trauma:m3:1
# text = Something upsetting, sometimes said jokingly about a small problem.
1	Something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	0	root	_	_
2	upsetting	upsetting	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	sometimes	sometimes	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	5	advmod	_	_
5	said	say	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	acl	_	_
6	jokingly	jokingly	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
7	about	about	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	problem	problem	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | participle |  |  |  |  |  | about a small problem; jokingly, sometimes *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The children needed support after the trauma of the flood.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:trauma:x1:1
# text = The children needed support after the trauma of the flood.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	needed	need	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	support	support	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	after	after	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	trauma	trauma	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	flood	flood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **need** | past | the children | support |  |  | after the trauma of the flood |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot support=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He was taken to the trauma unit after the car crash.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:trauma:x2:1
# text = He was taken to the trauma unit after the car crash.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	taken	take	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	trauma	trauma	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	unit	unit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	after	after	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	crash	crash	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | past · passive |  | He |  | the trauma unit | after the car crash |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme to unit=Destination |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Talking to a counsellor can help with trauma.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:trauma:x3:1
# text = Talking to a counsellor can help with trauma.
1	Talking	talk	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	csubj	_	_
2	to	to	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	counsellor	counsellor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
5	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	help	help	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	trauma	trauma	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **talk** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | to a counsellor | vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent to counsellor=Co-Agent |
| 2 | **help** | can | Talking |  |  |  |  | with trauma | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent with trauma=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The doctor checked for head trauma.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:trauma:x4:1
# text = The doctor checked for head trauma.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	doctor	doctor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	checked	check	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	trauma	trauma	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **check** | past | the doctor |  |  |  |  | for head trauma | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent for trauma=Attribute |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
(informal) Getting a haircut was a trauma for my little brother.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:trauma:x5:1
# text = (informal) Getting a haircut was a trauma for my little brother.
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	informal	informal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
4	Getting	get	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	9	csubj	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	haircut	haircut	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	trauma	trauma	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
10	for	for	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
12	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | gerund |  | a haircut |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer haircut=Stimulus |
| 2 | **is a** | past | informal | a trauma |  |  |  | for my little brother | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Animals can also feel trauma after being treated badly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:trauma:x6:1
# text = Animals can also feel trauma after being treated badly.
1	Animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	also	also	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	feel	feel	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	trauma	trauma	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	after	after	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
7	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	treated	treat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	advcl	_	_
9	badly	badly	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **feel** | can | Animals | trauma |  |  |  |  | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent trauma=Theme |
| 2 | **treat** | gerund · passive | Animals *not said here* |  |  |  |  | badly *property* | vn equip-13.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient» |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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