---
title: tray — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «tray» in the school dictionary: A tray is a flat board with low edges for carrying food, cups or plates. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# tray

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** tray, low edges, baking tray, cube tray, She, 36 cups · **What happens:** be, carry, hold, freeze, bake, fit · **To what, where:** flat board, food, flat metal sheet, oven, water, cubes

<!-- .vabout -->
«tray» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [tray in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/tray.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A tray is a flat board with low edges for carrying food, cups or plates.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tray:m1:1
# text = A tray is a flat board with low edges for carrying food, cups or plates.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	tray	tray	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	flat	flat	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	board	board	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	low	low	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	edges	edge	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
10	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
11	carrying	carry	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	9	acl	_	_
12	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	cups	cup	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	conj	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	plates	plate	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a tray | a flat board |  |  |  | with low edges | tree rules |
| 2 | **carry** | gerund | low edges *not said here* | food and cups or plates |  |  |  |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A baking tray is a flat metal sheet for baking in the oven.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tray:m2:1
# text = A baking tray is a flat metal sheet for baking in the oven.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	baking	baking	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	tray	tray	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
6	flat	flat	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
7	metal	metal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	sheet	sheet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	baking	baking	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	oven	oven	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a baking tray | a flat metal sheet |  | the oven |  | for baking | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An ice cube tray holds water to freeze into cubes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tray:m3:1
# text = An ice cube tray holds water to freeze into cubes.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	cube	cube	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	tray	tray	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	holds	hold	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	freeze	freeze	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	advcl	_	_
9	into	into	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	cubes	cube	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hold** | present | a cube tray | water |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Theme |
| 2 | **freeze** | to-infinitive | a cube tray *not said here* |  |  | cubes |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A tray on a desk holds papers.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tray:m4:1
# text = A tray on a desk holds papers.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	tray	tray	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	desk	desk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	holds	hold	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	papers	paper	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hold** | present | a tray on a desk | papers |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent paper=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Each tray holds 12 cookies.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tray:x1:1
# text = Each tray holds 12 cookies.
1	Each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	tray	tray	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	holds	hold	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	12	12	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	cookies	cookie	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hold** | present | each tray | 12 cookies |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cookie=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She baked 4 trays of muffins.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tray:x2:1
# text = She baked 4 trays of muffins.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	baked	bake	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	4	4	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	trays	tray	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	muffins	muffin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bake** | past | She | 4 trays of muffins |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tray=Product |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
36 cups fit on 3 trays.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tray:x3:1
# text = 36 cups fit on 3 trays.
1	36	36	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	nummod	_	_
2	cups	cup	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	fit	fit	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	trays	tray	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fit** | present | 36 cups |  |  | 3 trays |  |  | vn funnel-9.3-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent on tray=Trajectory |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
How many trays are needed for 50 cookies?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tray:x4:1
# text = How many trays are needed for 50 cookies?
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	2	advmod	_	_
2	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	trays	tray	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	needed	need	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	50	50	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	cookies	cookie	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **need** | present · passive |  | many trays |  |  |  | for 50 cookies | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: subject=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Carry your lunch tray carefully.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tray:x5:1
# text = Carry your lunch tray carefully.
1	Carry	carry	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
3	lunch	lunch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	tray	tray	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	carefully	carefully	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **carry** | imperative | you *not said here* | your lunch tray |  |  |  | carefully *property* | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tray=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Fill the ice cube tray and put it in the freezer.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tray:x6:1
# text = Fill the ice cube tray and put it in the freezer.
1	Fill	fill	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
3	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	cube	cube	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	tray	tray	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	put	put	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	freezer	freezer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fill** | imperative | you *not said here* | the cube tray |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent tray=Patient |
| 2 | **put** | infinitive | you *not said here* | tray |  | the freezer |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent it=Theme in freezer=Destination |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The muffin tray has 3 rows of 4 holes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tray:x7:1
# text = The muffin tray has 3 rows of 4 holes.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	muffin	muffin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	tray	tray	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	rows	row	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	4	4	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
9	holes	hole	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the muffin tray | 3 rows of 4 holes |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent row=Patient |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Put your finished work in the tray on my desk.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tray:x8:1
# text = Put your finished work in the tray on my desk.
1	Put	put	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
3	finished	finish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	amod	_	_
4	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	tray	tray	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
8	on	on	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	desk	desk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put** | imperative | you *not said here* | your finished work |  | the tray |  | on my desk | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent work=Theme on desk=Destination |
| 2 | **finish** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 3 | **work** |  | your |  |  |  |  |  | nom work «act intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
On the tray there was bread, roast chicken, fruit.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tray:x9:1
# text = On the tray there was bread, roast chicken, fruit.
1	On	on	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	tray	tray	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
4	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	5	expl	_	_
5	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	bread	bread	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	roast	roast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	chicken	chicken	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	fruit	fruit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | past | bread and roast chicken and fruit |  |  | the tray; there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on tray=Location |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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