---
title: treadmill — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «treadmill» in the school dictionary: A treadmill is an exercise machine with a moving belt that you walk or run on without going anywhere. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# treadmill

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** treadmill, moving belt, that, animals, Mum, it · **What happens:** be, move, walk, run on, go, not seem · **To what, where:** exercise machine, boring routine, large wheel, treadmill, people, grain

<!-- .vabout -->
«treadmill» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [treadmill in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/treadmill.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A treadmill is an exercise machine with a moving belt that you walk or run on without going anywhere.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:treadmill:m1:1
# text = A treadmill is an exercise machine with a moving belt that you walk or run on without going anywhere.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	treadmill	treadmill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	exercise	exercise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	machine	machine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	moving	move	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	10	amod	_	_
10	belt	belt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
11	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	13	nsubj	_	_
12	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	walk	walk	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	acl:relcl	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	run	run	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	conj	_	_
16	on	on	ADP	RP	_	15	compound:prt	_	_
17	without	without	SCONJ	IN	_	18	mark	_	_
18	going	go	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	15	advcl	_	_
19	anywhere	anywhere	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	18	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a treadmill | a exercise machine |  |  |  | with a moving belt | tree rules |
| 2 | **move** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **walk** | present | a moving belt |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **run on** | present | a moving belt *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **go** | gerund | a moving belt *not said here* |  |  |  |  | anywhere *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: figurative — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A treadmill is a boring routine of work that goes on and on and never seems to get anywhere.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:treadmill:m2:1
# text = A treadmill is a boring routine of work that goes on and on and never seems to get anywhere.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	treadmill	treadmill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	boring	boring	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	routine	routine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
9	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
10	goes	go	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	_
11	on	on	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	on	on	ADV	RB	_	11	conj	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
15	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	16	advmod	_	_
16	seems	seem	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	conj	_	_
17	to	to	PART	TO	_	18	mark	_	_
18	get	get	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	xcomp	_	_
19	anywhere	anywhere	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	18	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a treadmill | a boring routine |  |  |  | of work | tree rules |
| 2 | **go** | present | that |  |  |  |  |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **not** **seem** | present | that *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Theme clause=Attribute |
| 4 | **get** | to-infinitive | that *not said here* |  |  |  |  | anywhere *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: history — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A treadmill was a large wheel turned by people or animals walking on it, used to grind grain or pump water, and in Victorian prisons as a punishment.

<!-- fold The tree, 28 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:treadmill:m3:1
# text = A treadmill was a large wheel turned by people or animals walking on it, used to grind grain or pump water, and in Victorian prisons as a punishment.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	treadmill	treadmill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	wheel	wheel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	turned	turn	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
8	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	_
12	walking	walk	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	11	acl	_	_
13	on	on	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	acl	_	_
17	to	to	PART	TO	_	18	mark	_	_
18	grind	grind	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	xcomp	_	_
19	grain	grain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	_
20	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	pump	pump	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	18	conj	_	_
22	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
25	in	in	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	Victorian	victorian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
27	prisons	prison	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	parataxis	_	_
28	as	as	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	punishment	punishment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | a treadmill | a large wheel |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **turn** | participle |  | a large wheel *not said here* |  |  |  | by people or animals | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme by people=Trajectory |
| 3 | **walk** | gerund | animals *not said here* |  |  | treadmill |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on it=Trajectory |
| 4 | **use** | participle |  | people or animals *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 5 | **grind** | to-infinitive |  | grain |  |  |  |  | vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent grain=Patient |
| 6 | **pump** | infinitive |  | water |  |  |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent water=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mum runs on the treadmill when it is raining.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:treadmill:x1:1
# text = Mum runs on the treadmill when it is raining.
1	Mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	runs	run	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	treadmill	treadmill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	9	advmod	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	raining	rain	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **run** | present | Mum |  |  | the treadmill |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on treadmill=Trajectory |
| 2 | **rain** | present · progressive | it |  |  |  |  |  | vn weather-57 «It V PP.theme» |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The treadmill was set to a slow walk.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:treadmill:x2:1
# text = The treadmill was set to a slow walk.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	treadmill	treadmill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	set	set	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	slow	slow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	walk	walk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **set** | past · passive |  | the treadmill |  |  |  | to a slow walk | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Result |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Victorian prisoners had to walk on the treadmill.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:treadmill:x3:1
# text = Victorian prisoners had to walk on the treadmill.
1	Victorian	victorian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	prisoners	prisoner	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	walk	walk	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	treadmill	treadmill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | Victorian prisoners |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **walk** | to-infinitive | Victorian prisoners *not said here* |  |  | the treadmill |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on treadmill=Trajectory |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He felt his job was a never-ending treadmill.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:treadmill:x4:1
# text = He felt his job was a never-ending treadmill.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	felt	feel	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	job	job	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
7	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	9	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	ending	end	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	10	amod	_	_
10	treadmill	treadmill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **feel** | past | He |  |  |  |  |  | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |
| 2 | **not** **end** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 3 | **is a** | past | his job | a ending treadmill |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **job** |  | his *= he* |  |  |  |  |  | nom job «act intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Keep fingers away from a moving treadmill.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:treadmill:x5:1
# text = Keep fingers away from a moving treadmill.
1	Keep	keep	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	fingers	finger	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
3	away	away	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	moving	move	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	amod	_	_
7	treadmill	treadmill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep away** | imperative | you *not said here* | fingers |  | a moving treadmill |  | away *property* | vn forbid-64.4 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Causer finger=Beneficiary from treadmill=Eventuality |
| 2 | **move** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Vets use underwater treadmills to help dogs recover.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:treadmill:x6:1
# text = Vets use underwater treadmills to help dogs recover.
1	Vets	vet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	use	use	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	underwater	underwater	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	treadmills	treadmill	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	help	help	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
7	dogs	dog	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
8	recover	recover	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | present | Vets | underwater treadmills |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent treadmill=Patient |
| 2 | **help** | to-infinitive | Vets *not said here* | dogs |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent dog=Beneficiary clause=Theme |
| 3 | **recover** | infinitive | dogs *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
How long and wearisome the time appeared; it was like being in a treadmill.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:treadmill:x7:1
# text = How long and wearisome the time appeared; it was like being in a treadmill.
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	2	advmod	_	_
2	long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	7	advmod	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	wearisome	wearisome	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	conj	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	appeared	appear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
10	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
11	like	like	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
12	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	15	cop	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	treadmill	treadmill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wearisome** | infinitive | the time *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **appear** | past | the time |  |  |  |  | long *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **is** | past | it |  |  |  |  | like a treadmill | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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