---
title: treason — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «treason» in the school dictionary: Treason is the crime of betraying your own country, for example by helping its enemies or trying to overthrow its ruler or government. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# treason

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Treason, crime, example, Selling, death, Bonfire Night · **What happens:** be, betray, help, try, overthrow, mean · **To what, where:** crime, own country, enemies, ruler, great betrayal, trust · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«treason» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [treason in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/treason.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: law — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Treason is the crime of betraying your own country, for example by helping its enemies or trying to overthrow its ruler or government.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:treason:m1:1
# text = Treason is the crime of betraying your own country, for example by helping its enemies or trying to overthrow its ruler or government.
1	Treason	treason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	crime	crime	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
6	betraying	betray	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	acl	_	_
7	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
8	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	for	for	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	example	example	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
13	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
14	helping	help	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	12	acl	_	_
15	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	enemies	enemy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obj	_	_
17	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	trying	try	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	14	conj	_	_
19	to	to	PART	TO	_	20	mark	_	_
20	overthrow	overthrow	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	18	xcomp	_	_
21	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	22	nmod:poss	_	_
22	ruler	ruler	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obj	_	_
23	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
24	government	government	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Treason | the crime |  |  |  | for example | tree rules |
| 2 | **betray** | gerund | the crime *not said here* | your own country |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **help** | gerund | example *not said here* | Treason's enemies |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent enemy=Beneficiary |
| 4 | **try** | gerund | example *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn try-61.1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 5 | **overthrow** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | example *not said here* | Treason's ruler or government |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Treason can also mean any great betrayal of trust.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:treason:m2:1
# text = Treason can also mean any great betrayal of trust.
1	Treason	treason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	also	also	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	7	det	_	_
6	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	betrayal	betrayal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	trust	trust	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | can | Treason | any great betrayal of trust |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent betrayal=Topic |
| 2 | **betray** |  |  | trust |  |  |  |  | nom betrayal «act transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Guy Fawkes was found guilty of treason.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:treason:x1:1
# text = Guy Fawkes was found guilty of treason.
1	Guy	guy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	Fawkes	Fawkes	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	appos	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	found	find	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	guilty	guilty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	treason	treason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | past · passive |  | Guy |  |  |  | guilty *property* | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Selling secrets to an enemy country is treason.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:treason:x2:1
# text = Selling secrets to an enemy country is treason.
1	Selling	sell	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	csubj	_	_
2	secrets	secret	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	enemy	enemy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	treason	treason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sell** | gerund |  | secrets | a enemy country |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent secret=Theme to country=Recipient |
| 2 | **is a** | present | Selling | treason |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the old days, treason was punished by death.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:treason:x3:1
# text = In the old days, treason was punished by death.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	treason	treason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	punished	punish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
9	by	by	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	death	death	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **punish** | past · passive | death | treason |  |  | day |  | vn prosecute-33.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The knight was accused of treason against the king.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:treason:x4:1
# text = The knight was accused of treason against the king.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	knight	knight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	accused	accuse	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	treason	treason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	against	against	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **accuse** | past · passive |  | the knight |  |  |  | of treason against the king | vn suspect-81 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Theme of treason=Attribute |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bonfire Night remembers a plot that was treason.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:treason:x5:1
# text = Bonfire Night remembers a plot that was treason.
1	Bonfire	Bonfire	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	Night	Night	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	remembers	remember	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	plot	plot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	treason	treason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **remember** | present | Bonfire Night | a plot and treason |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent plot=Theme |
| 2 | **is a** | past | that | treason |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Telling the other team our tactics felt like treason! (joking)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Telling the other team our tactics felt like treason!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:treason:x6:1
# text = Telling the other team our tactics felt like treason!
1	Telling	tell	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	csubj	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	team	team	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	tactics	tactic	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
7	felt	feel	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	like	like	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	treason	treason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | gerund |  | the other team |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent team=Recipient |
| 2 | **feel** | past | our tactics |  |  |  |  | like treason | vn conjecture-29.5-2 «NP V S»: agent=Agent like treason=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (joking)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:treason:x6:2
# text = (joking)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	joking	joke	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **joke** *speech: other* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn chit\_chat-37.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A person who commits treason is called a traitor.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:treason:x7:1
# text = A person who commits treason is called a traitor.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
4	commits	commit	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
5	treason	treason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	traitor	traitor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **commit** | present | a person | treason |  |  |  |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent treason=Theme |
| 2 | **call** | present · passive |  | a person |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
This lord and others have accused you of treason, and several councils have been called in the most private manner on your account.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:treason:x8:1
# text = This lord and others have accused you of treason, and several councils have been called in the most private manner on your account.
1	This	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	lord	lord	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	_
5	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	accused	accuse	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	treason	treason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
12	several	several	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	councils	council	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nsubj:pass	_	_
14	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
15	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	16	aux:pass	_	_
16	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	parataxis	_	_
17	in	in	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
19	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	20	advmod	_	_
20	private	private	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	manner	manner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
22	on	on	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	24	nmod:poss	_	_
24	account	account	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **accuse** | present · perfect · passive |  | this lord and others |  |  |  | of treason | tree rules |
| 2 | **call** | present · perfect · passive |  | several councils |  | the private manner on your account |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |
| 3 | **account** |  | your |  |  |  |  |  | nom account «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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