---
title: tribunal — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «tribunal» in the school dictionary: A special kind of court or group of officials who decide on a particular kind of problem, such as work disputes or tax arguments. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# tribunal

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** officials, Uncle Dan, tribunal, Three judges, hero, Poseidon · **What happens:** decide, set up, judge, take, dismiss, sit · **To what, where:** particular kind, court, serious crimes, someone, old boss, employment tribunal · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«tribunal» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [tribunal in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/tribunal.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: law — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A special kind of court or group of officials who decide on a particular kind of problem, such as work disputes or tax arguments.

<!-- fold The tree, 24 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tribunal:m1:1
# text = A special kind of court or group of officials who decide on a particular kind of problem, such as work disputes or tax arguments.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	special	special	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	kind	kind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	court	court	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	group	group	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	officials	official	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	_
10	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
11	decide	decide	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	acl:relcl	_	_
12	on	on	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	particular	particular	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	kind	kind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	problem	problem	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
19	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	22	case	_	_
20	as	as	ADP	IN	_	19	fixed	_	_
21	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	compound	_	_
22	disputes	dispute	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	parataxis	_	_
23	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
24	tax	tax	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	compound	_	_
25	arguments	argument	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **decide** | present | officials | a particular kind of problem |  |  |  |  | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent kind=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: law — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A court set up to judge serious crimes, such as war crimes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tribunal:m2:1
# text = A court set up to judge serious crimes, such as war crimes.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	court	court	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	set	set	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	up	up	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	judge	judge	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
7	serious	serious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	crimes	crime	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
10	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	13	case	_	_
11	as	as	ADP	IN	_	10	fixed	_	_
12	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	crimes	crime	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **set up** | participle |  | a court *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **judge** | to-infinitive |  | serious crimes and war crimes |  |  |  |  | vn estimate-34.2-1-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Agent crime=Value |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Any group with the power to judge someone.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tribunal:m3:1
# text = Any group with the power to judge someone.
1	Any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	2	det	_	_
2	group	group	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	with	with	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	power	power	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	judge	judge	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	acl	_	_
8	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **judge** | to-infinitive |  | someone |  |  |  |  | vn estimate-34.2-1-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Agent someone=Value |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Uncle Dan took his old boss to an employment tribunal.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tribunal:x1:1
# text = Uncle Dan took his old boss to an employment tribunal.
1	Uncle	Uncle	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	Dan	Dan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
5	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	boss	boss	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	employment	employment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	tribunal	tribunal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | past | Uncle Dan | Dan's old boss |  | a employment tribunal |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent boss=Theme to tribunal=Destination |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The tribunal decided he had been dismissed unfairly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tribunal:x2:1
# text = The tribunal decided he had been dismissed unfairly.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	tribunal	tribunal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	decided	decide	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
5	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
6	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	dismissed	dismiss	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	ccomp	_	_
8	unfairly	unfairly	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **decide** | past | the tribunal |  |  |  |  |  | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **dismiss** | past · perfect · passive |  | tribunal |  |  |  | unfairly *property* | vn banish-10.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
After the war, a tribunal judged the leaders.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tribunal:x3:1
# text = After the war, a tribunal judged the leaders.
1	After	after	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	tribunal	tribunal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	judged	judge	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	leaders	leader	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **judge** | past | a tribunal | the leaders |  |  | after the war |  | vn estimate-34.2-1-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Agent leader=Value |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Three judges sat on the tribunal.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tribunal:x4:1
# text = Three judges sat on the tribunal.
1	Three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	2	nummod	_	_
2	judges	judge	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sat	sit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	tribunal	tribunal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sit** | past | Three judges |  |  | the tribunal |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on tribunal=Location |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The tribunal will give its decision next week.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tribunal:x5:1
# text = The tribunal will give its decision next week.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	tribunal	tribunal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	give	give	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	decision	decision	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	next	next	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	week	week	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | future | the tribunal | tribunal's decision |  |  | week |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent decision=Theme |
| 2 | **decide** |  | tribunal |  |  |  |  |  | nom decision «act transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the story the hero had to stand before a tribunal of elders.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tribunal:x6:1
# text = In the story the hero had to stand before a tribunal of elders.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	hero	hero	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	stand	stand	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	_
9	before	before	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	tribunal	tribunal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	elders	elder	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the hero |  |  | the story |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **stand** | to-infinitive | the hero *not said here* |  |  | a tribunal of elders |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent before tribunal=Location |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
For this deed, Poseidon summoned Ares to appear before the tribunal of the Olympic gods, which was held upon a hill in Athens.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tribunal:x7:1
# text = For this deed, Poseidon summoned Ares to appear before the tribunal of the Olympic gods, which was held upon a hill in Athens.
1	For	for	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	3	det	_	_
3	deed	deed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	Poseidon	Poseidon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	summoned	summon	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	Ares	ar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	appear	appear	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	_
10	before	before	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	tribunal	tribunal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	Olympic	olympic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	gods	god	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
18	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	20	nsubj:pass	_	_
19	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	20	aux:pass	_	_
20	held	hold	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	16	acl	_	_
21	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	hill	hill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	_
24	in	in	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	Athens	Athens	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **summon** | past | Poseidon | Ares |  |  |  | for this deed | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent ar=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 2 | **appear** | to-infinitive | Poseidon *not said here* |  |  | the tribunal of the Olympic gods |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme before tribunal=Location |
| 3 | **hold** | past · passive |  | the Olympic gods |  | a hill in Athens |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: subject=Theme upon hill=Location |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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