---
title: trill — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «trill» in the school dictionary: A trill is a quick, high, repeated sound, like a bird singing. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# trill

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** trill, bird, blackbird, flute player, perro, she · **What happens:** repeat, be, sing, play, make, let · **To what, where:** quick high repeated sound, trill, one, sound, tongue flutter, something · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«trill» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [trill in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/trill.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A trill is a quick, high, repeated sound, like a bird singing.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:trill:m1:1
# text = A trill is a quick, high, repeated sound, like a bird singing.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	trill	trill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
5	quick	quick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
9	repeated	repeat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	amod	_	_
10	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	like	like	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	bird	bird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	_
15	singing	sing	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	14	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **repeat** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 2 | **is a** | present | a trill | a quick high repeated sound and a bird |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **sing** *speech: express* | gerund | a bird *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: music — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A trill is when two notes next to each other are played or sung very quickly one after the other many times.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:trill:m2:1
# text = A trill is when two notes next to each other are played or sung very quickly one after the other many times.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	trill	trill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	7	mark	_	_
5	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	notes	note	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl:unmarked	_	_
7	next	next	ADV	RB	_	2	conj	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	each	each	DET	DT	ExtPos=PRON|PronType=Rcp	7	obl	_	_
10	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	fixed	_	_
11	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux:pass	_	_
12	played	play	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	sung	sing	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	conj	_	_
15	very	very	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
16	quickly	quickly	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
17	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	14	obl	_	_
18	after	after	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
20	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
21	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	times	time	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | to each; two notes *obl:unmarked*; next *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **play** | present · passive |  | a trill |  |  |  |  | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 3 | **sing** *speech: express* | participle |  | one after the other many times |  |  |  | quickly *property* | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: language — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A trill is a sound made by letting the tongue flutter, like the rolled «r» in Spanish or Scottish English.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:trill:m3:1
# text = A trill is a sound made by letting the tongue flutter, like the rolled «r» in Spanish or Scottish English.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	trill	trill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
8	letting	let	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	advcl	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	tongue	tongue	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	flutter	flutter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
13	like	like	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
15	rolled	roll	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	17	amod	_	_
16	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	r	r	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	17	punct	_	_
19	in	in	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	Spanish	Spanish	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	_
21	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
22	Scottish	Scottish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	English	English	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a trill | a sound |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | participle |  | a sound *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 3 | **let** | gerund |  | the tongue flutter |  |  |  | like the rolled r in Spanish or Scottish English | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent flutter=Theme |
| 4 | **roll** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To trill is to make such a sound, or to say something in a high, happy voice.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:trill:m4:1
# text = To trill is to make such a sound, or to say something in a high, happy voice.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	trill	trill	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	csubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	such	such	DET	PDT	PronType=Ind	8	det:predet	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	say	say	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
13	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	12	obj	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
16	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
18	happy	happy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **trill** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | make *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | to-infinitive |  | something |  | a high happy voice |  |  | vn pronounce-29.3.1 «NP V NP PP.manner»: agent=Agent something=Theme in voice=Manner |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A blackbird's trill came from the hedge.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:trill:x1:1
# text = A blackbird's trill came from the hedge.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	blackbird	blackbird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	trill	trill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	hedge	hedge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | a blackbird's trill |  |  | the hedge |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from hedge=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **trill** |  | a blackbird |  |  |  |  |  | nom trill «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The flute player added a trill at the end.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:trill:x2:1
# text = The flute player added a trill at the end.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	flute	flute	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	player	player	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	added	add	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	trill	trill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **add** *speech: assert* | past | the flute player | a trill |  |  | at the end |  | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent trill=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In Spanish, «perro» has a trilled r.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:trill:x3:1
# text = In Spanish, «perro» has a trilled r.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	Spanish	Spanish	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	perro	perro	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
7	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	trilled	trill	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	amod	_	_
10	r.	respect	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | perro | a trilled r. |  | Spanish |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent respect=Patient |
| 2 | **trill** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Good morning, darlings!» she trilled.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:trill:x4:1
# text = «Good morning, darlings!» she trilled.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	morning	morning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	darlings	darling	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
8	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	trilled	trill	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **trill** | past | she |  |  |  | morning |  | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The phone trilled on the table.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:trill:x5:1
# text = The phone trilled on the table.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	phone	phone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	trilled	trill	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	table	table	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **trill** | participle |  | the phone *not said here* |  | the table |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on table=Location |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Can you roll your r's into a trill?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:trill:x6:1
# text = Can you roll your r's into a trill?
1	Can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
2	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	roll	roll	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	r	r	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	's	's	PART	POS	_	5	case	_	_
7	into	into	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	trill	trill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **roll** | can | you | your r |  | a trill |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent r=Theme into trill=Trajectory |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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