---
title: trim — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «trim» in the school dictionary: To trim means to cut a little off to make something neat: trim the hedge, trim your hair. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# trim

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** trim, short haircut, She, He, Dad, I · **What happens:** trim, mean, cut off, make, be, tidy · **To what, where:** little, something, hedge, hair, short haircut, strip · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«trim» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [trim in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/trim.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To trim means to cut a little off to make something neat: trim the hedge, trim your hair.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:trim:m1:1
# text = To trim means to cut a little off to make something neat: trim the hedge, trim your hair.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	trim	trim	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	csubj	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	cut	cut	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	obj	_	_
8	off	off	ADP	RP	_	5	compound:prt	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	advcl	_	_
11	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	10	obj	_	_
12	neat	neat	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
14	trim	trim	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	hedge	hedge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
18	trim	trim	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	conj	_	_
19	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	20	nmod:poss	_	_
20	hair	hair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **trim** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn braid-41.2.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **cut off** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  | a little |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Affector little=Eventuality |
| 4 | **make** | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset something=Product |
| 5 | **trim** | infinitive |  | the hedge |  |  |  |  | vn braid-41.2.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hedge=Patient |
| 6 | **trim** | infinitive |  | your hair |  |  |  |  | vn braid-41.2.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hair=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A trim is a short haircut that just tidies the hair.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:trim:m2:1
# text = A trim is a short haircut that just tidies the hair.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	trim	trim	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	haircut	haircut	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
8	just	just	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	tidies	tidy	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	hair	hair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a trim | a short haircut |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **tidy** | present | a short haircut | the hair |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Trim is a strip of material used to decorate edges, like lace on a dress.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:trim:m3:1
# text = Trim is a strip of material used to decorate edges, like lace on a dress.
1	Trim	trim	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	strip	strip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	material	material	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	decorate	decorate	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	advcl	_	_
10	edges	edge	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	like	like	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	lace	lace	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
14	on	on	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	dress	dress	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Trim | a strip |  |  |  | of material | tree rules |
| 2 | **use** | participle |  | a strip *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **decorate** | to-infinitive |  | edges |  |  |  | like lace on a dress | vn illustrate-25.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent edge=Destination |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To trim means to decorate: trim the Christmas tree.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:trim:m4:1
# text = To trim means to decorate: trim the Christmas tree.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	trim	trim	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	csubj	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	decorate	decorate	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
7	trim	trim	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	Christmas	Christmas	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **trim** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn braid-41.2.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **decorate** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn illustrate-25.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **trim** | infinitive |  | the Christmas tree |  |  |  |  | vn braid-41.2.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tree=Patient |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Trim means neat and slim.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:trim:m5:1
# text = Trim means neat and slim.
1	Trim	trim	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	neat	neat	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	slim	slim	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Trim |  |  |  |  | neat *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She trimmed 2 inches off her hair.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:trim:x1:1
# text = She trimmed 2 inches off her hair.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	trimmed	trim	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	2	2	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	inches	inch	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	off	off	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	hair	hair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **trim** | past | She | 2 inches |  | her hair |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent inch=Theme off hair=Source |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He trims 5 bushes each hour.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:trim:x2:1
# text = He trims 5 bushes each hour.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	trims	trim	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	bushes	bush	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	6	det	_	_
6	hour	hour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **trim** | present | He | 5 bushes |  |  | hour |  | vn braid-41.2.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bush=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The trim goes around a table 4 meters long.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:trim:x3:1
# text = The trim goes around a table 4 meters long.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	trim	trim	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	goes	go	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	around	around	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	table	table	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	4	4	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	meters	meter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl:unmarked	_	_
9	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | present | the trim |  |  | a table |  | long *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme around table=Initial\_Location |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
How much ribbon trim is needed for the frame?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:trim:x4:1
# text = How much ribbon trim is needed for the frame?
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	2	advmod	_	_
2	much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	ribbon	ribbon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	trim	trim	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	needed	need	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	frame	frame	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **need** | present · passive |  | much ribbon trim |  |  |  | for the frame | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: subject=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dad trims the hedge every summer.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:trim:x5:1
# text = Dad trims the hedge every summer.
1	Dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	trims	trim	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	hedge	hedge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	6	det	_	_
6	summer	summer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **trim** | present | Dad | the hedge |  |  | summer |  | vn braid-41.2.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hedge=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I need a trim, my fringe is in my eyes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:trim:x6:1
# text = I need a trim, my fringe is in my eyes.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	need	need	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	trim	trim	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
6	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	fringe	fringe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **need** | present | I | a trim and my eyes |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot trim=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present | my fringe |  |  | my eyes |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We trimmed the tree with lights and tinsel.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:trim:x7:1
# text = We trimmed the tree with lights and tinsel.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	trimmed	trim	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	lights	light	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	tinsel	tinsel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **trim** | past | We | the tree |  |  |  | with lights and tinsel | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent tree=Destination with light=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Trim the crusts off the sandwiches.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:trim:x8:1
# text = Trim the crusts off the sandwiches.
1	Trim	trim	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	crusts	crust	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	off	off	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	sandwiches	sandwich	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **trim** | imperative | you *not said here* | the crusts |  | the sandwiches |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent crust=Theme off sandwich=Source |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Deirdre grew like the white sapling, straight and trim as the rash on the moss.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:trim:x9:1
# text = Deirdre grew like the white sapling, straight and trim as the rash on the moss.
1	Deirdre	Deirdre	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	grew	grow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	like	like	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	sapling	sapling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	straight	straight	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	trim	trim	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	conj	_	_
11	as	as	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	rash	rash	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
14	on	on	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	moss	moss	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | past | Deirdre |  |  |  |  | like the white sapling | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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