---
title: trireme — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «trireme» in the school dictionary: A trireme was a long, fast wooden warship of ancient Greece, Phoenicia and Rome, rowed by about 170 men sitting in three rows, one above another. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# trireme

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** trireme, 170 men, It, front, wind, Athenians · **What happens:** be, row, sit, have, smash, build · **To what, where:** long fast wooden warship, three rows, bronze ram, front, enemy ships, hundred triremes

<!-- .vabout -->
«trireme» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [trireme in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/trireme.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A trireme was a long, fast wooden warship of ancient Greece, Phoenicia and Rome, rowed by about 170 men sitting in three rows, one above another.

<!-- fold The tree, 26 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:trireme:m1:1
# text = A trireme was a long, fast wooden warship of ancient Greece, Phoenicia and Rome, rowed by about 170 men sitting in three rows, one above another.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	trireme	trireme	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
5	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	fast	fast	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
8	wooden	wooden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	warship	warship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	ancient	ancient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	Greece	Greece	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	Phoenicia	Phoenicia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	Rome	Rome	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
18	rowed	row	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	acl	_	_
19	by	by	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
20	about	about	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	_
21	170	170	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	22	nummod	_	_
22	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obl:agent	_	_
23	sitting	sit	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	22	acl	_	_
24	in	in	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	26	nummod	_	_
26	rows	row	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
28	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	26	appos	_	_
29	above	above	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
30	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	28	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | a trireme | a long fast wooden warship |  |  |  | of ancient Greece and Phoenicia and Rome | tree rules |
| 2 | **row** | participle |  | a long fast wooden warship *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **sit** | gerund | 170 men *not said here* |  |  | three rows |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in row=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It had a bronze ram at the front for smashing into enemy ships, and a sail for when the wind was good.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:trireme:m2:1
# text = It had a bronze ram at the front for smashing into enemy ships, and a sail for when the wind was good.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	bronze	bronze	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	ram	ram	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	front	front	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
9	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
10	smashing	smash	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	acl	_	_
11	into	into	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	enemy	enemy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	ships	ship	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	sail	sail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
18	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	23	mark	_	_
19	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	23	mark	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nsubj	_	_
22	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	23	cop	_	_
23	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | It | a bronze ram |  | the front |  | a sail *obl* | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ram=Patient |
| 2 | **smash** | gerund | the front *not said here* |  |  |  |  | into enemy ships *result* | vn break-45.1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Patient into ship=Result |
| 3 | **is** | past | the wind |  |  |  |  | good *property* | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Athenians built two hundred triremes to fight the Persians.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:trireme:x1:1
# text = The Athenians built two hundred triremes to fight the Persians.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Athenians	Athenian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	built	build	VERB	VBD	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	compound	_	_
5	hundred	hundred	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	triremes	trireme	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	fight	fight	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	Persians	Persian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **build** | past | the Athenians | hundred triremes |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent trireme=Product |
| 2 | **fight** | to-infinitive | the Athenians *not said here* | the Persians |  |  |  |  | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent persian=Co-Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A trireme needed about 170 rowers working together.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:trireme:x2:1
# text = A trireme needed about 170 rowers working together.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	trireme	trireme	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	needed	need	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	about	about	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	170	170	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	rowers	rower	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
7	working	work	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	acl	_	_
8	together	together	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **need** | past | a trireme | 170 rowers |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot rower=Theme |
| 2 | **work together** | gerund | 170 rowers *not said here* |  |  |  |  | together *property* | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The trireme's bronze ram could punch a hole in an enemy ship.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:trireme:x3:1
# text = The trireme's bronze ram could punch a hole in an enemy ship.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	trireme	trireme	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	bronze	bronze	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	ram	ram	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
6	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	punch	punch	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	hole	hole	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	enemy	enemy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	ship	ship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **punch** | could | the trireme's bronze ram | a hole |  | a enemy ship |  |  | vn swat-18.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent hole=Patient in ship=Location |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In our history book there is a drawing of a trireme with three rows of oars.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:trireme:x4:1
# text = In our history book there is a drawing of a trireme with three rows of oars.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
3	history	history	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
5	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	6	expl	_	_
6	is	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	drawing	drawing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	trireme	trireme	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
12	with	with	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	14	nummod	_	_
14	rows	row	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nmod	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	oars	oar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | present | a drawing of a trireme with three rows of oars |  |  | our history book; there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in book=Location |
| 2 | **draw** |  | a trireme with three rows of oars |  |  |  |  |  | nom drawing «communication intransitive»: of=agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The rowers in a trireme had to keep time to the beat of a flute.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:trireme:x5:1
# text = The rowers in a trireme had to keep time to the beat of a flute.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	rowers	rower	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	trireme	trireme	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	keep	keep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	_
9	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
10	to	to	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	beat	beat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	flute	flute	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the rowers in a trireme |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **keep** | to-infinitive | the rowers in a trireme *not said here* |  |  |  | time | to the beat of a flute | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A model trireme stands in the museum near the Greek vases.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:trireme:x6:1
# text = A model trireme stands in the museum near the Greek vases.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	model	model	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	trireme	trireme	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	stands	stand	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	museum	museum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	near	near	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	Greek	Greek	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	vases	vas	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stand** | present | a model trireme |  |  | the museum |  | near the Greek vases | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in museum=Location |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We made a trireme out of cardboard and lollipop sticks for our project.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:trireme:x7:1
# text = We made a trireme out of cardboard and lollipop sticks for our project.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	trireme	trireme	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	out	out	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	cardboard	cardboard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	lollipop	lollipop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	sticks	stick	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	_
11	for	for	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	project	project	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | We | a trireme |  | cardboard and lollipop sticks |  | for our project | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP P.asset»: agent=Agent trireme=Product for project=Asset |
| 2 | **project** |  | our |  |  |  |  |  | nom project «act transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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