---
title: troublemaker — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «troublemaker» in the school dictionary: A troublemaker is a person who often causes problems, for example by breaking rules, starting fights or upsetting others on purpose. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# troublemaker

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** troublemaker, person, teacher, She, One troublemaker, you · **What happens:** be, cause, break, start, sit, call · **To what, where:** person, problems, fights, purpose, troublemaker, desk · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«troublemaker» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [troublemaker in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/troublemaker.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A troublemaker is a person who often causes problems, for example by breaking rules, starting fights or upsetting others on purpose.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:troublemaker:m1:1
# text = A troublemaker is a person who often causes problems, for example by breaking rules, starting fights or upsetting others on purpose.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	troublemaker	troublemaker	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
7	often	often	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	causes	cause	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
9	problems	problem	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	for	for	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	example	example	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
13	by	by	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	breaking	break	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	15	amod	_	_
15	rules	rule	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
17	starting	start	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	acl	_	_
18	fights	fight	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obj	_	_
19	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
20	upsetting	upsetting	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	conj	_	_
22	on	on	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	purpose	purpose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a troublemaker | a person |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **cause** | present | a person | problems |  |  |  | for example; by breaking rules; often *property* | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition problem=Patient |
| 3 | **break** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
| 4 | **start** | gerund | a person *not said here* | fights or upsetting others |  | purpose |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fight=Eventuality |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The teacher sat the troublemaker near her desk.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:troublemaker:x1:1
# text = The teacher sat the troublemaker near her desk.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sat	sit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	troublemaker	troublemaker	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	near	near	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	desk	desk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sit** | past | the teacher | the troublemaker |  | teacher's desk |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V NP.theme PP»: agent=Agent troublemaker=Theme near desk=Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Jake had been called a troublemaker since infant school.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:troublemaker:x2:1
# text = Jake had been called a troublemaker since infant school.
1	Jake	Jake	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	troublemaker	troublemaker	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	xcomp	_	_
7	since	since	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	infant	infant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | past · perfect · passive |  | Jake |  |  | since infant school |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The troublemakers were sent to the head's office.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:troublemaker:x3:1
# text = The troublemakers were sent to the head's office.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	troublemakers	troublemaker	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	sent	send	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	's	's	PART	POS	_	7	case	_	_
9	office	office	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **send** | past · passive |  | the troublemakers |  | the head's office |  |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme to office=Destination |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She was not a troublemaker; she was just bored.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:troublemaker:x4:1
# text = She was not a troublemaker; she was just bored.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	troublemaker	troublemaker	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
8	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
9	just	just	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	bored	bored	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **is a** | past | She | a troublemaker |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | past | she |  |  |  |  | bored *property* | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
One troublemaker spoiled the trip for everyone.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:troublemaker:x5:1
# text = One troublemaker spoiled the trip for everyone.
1	One	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	2	nummod	_	_
2	troublemaker	troublemaker	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	spoiled	spoil	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	trip	trip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	everyone	everyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spoil** | past | One troublemaker | the trip |  |  |  | for everyone | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Don't label him a troublemaker; give him a chance.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:troublemaker:x6:1
# text = Don't label him a troublemaker; give him a chance.
1	Do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	label	label	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	troublemaker	troublemaker	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
8	give	give	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
9	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	iobj	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	chance	chance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **label** | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* | him *= he* |  |  |  |  | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme troublemaker=Result |
| 2 | **give** | infinitive | you *not said here* | a chance | him *= he* |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent he=Recipient chance=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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