---
title: troy — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «troy» in the school dictionary: Troy was an ancient city in what is now Turkey, famous from Greek stories of the Trojan War, in which the Greeks got inside the city by hiding in a giant wooden horse. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# troy

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Troy, Greeks, Troy weight, old system, troy ounce, Archaeologists · **What happens:** be, get, hide, weigh, say, dig up · **To what, where:** ancient city, Turkey, name, old system, gold, Troy · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«troy» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [troy in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/troy.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Troy was an ancient city in what is now Turkey, famous from Greek stories of the Trojan War, in which the Greeks got inside the city by hiding in a giant wooden horse.

<!-- fold The tree, 33 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:troy:m1:1
# text = Troy was an ancient city in what is now Turkey, famous from Greek stories of the Trojan War, in which the Greeks got inside the city by hiding in a giant wooden horse.
1	Troy	Troy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	ancient	ancient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	5	nmod	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
9	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	10	advmod	_	_
10	Turkey	Turkey	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	famous	famous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
13	from	from	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	Greek	Greek	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	stories	story	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	Trojan	Trojan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	compound	_	_
19	War	War	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
21	in	in	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	25	obl	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	Greeks	Greek	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	25	nsubj	_	_
25	got	get	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
26	inside	inside	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obl	_	_
29	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	30	mark	_	_
30	hiding	hide	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	25	advcl	_	_
31	in	in	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
32	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
33	giant	giant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	35	amod	_	_
34	wooden	wooden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	35	amod	_	_
35	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Troy | a ancient city |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** | present |  | Turkey |  |  | now |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **get** | past | the Greeks |  |  | a ancient city |  | inside the city | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |
| 4 | **hide** | gerund | the Greeks *not said here* |  |  |  |  | in a giant wooden horse | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in horse=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Troy is a boy's name (a name).

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:troy:m2:1
# text = Troy is a boy's name (a name).
1	Troy	Troy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	's	's	PART	POS	_	4	case	_	_
6	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Troy | a boy's name |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Troy weight is an old system for weighing gold, silver and gems; a troy ounce is a little heavier than an ordinary ounce.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:troy:m3:1
# text = Troy weight is an old system for weighing gold, silver and gems; a troy ounce is a little heavier than an ordinary ounce.
1	Troy	Troy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	weight	weight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	system	system	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
8	weighing	weigh	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	acl	_	_
9	gold	gold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	silver	silver	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	gems	gem	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	21	punct	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	troy	troy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	ounce	ounce	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nsubj	_	_
18	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	cop	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	obl	_	_
21	heavier	heavy	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	6	amod	_	_
22	than	than	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
23	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
24	ordinary	ordinary	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
25	ounce	ounce	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Troy weight | a old system |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **weigh** | gerund | a old system *not said here* | gold and silver and gems |  |  |  |  | vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme gold=Value |
| 3 | **is** | present | a troy ounce |  |  |  |  | than a ordinary ounce; a little *obl*; heavy *property* | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Greeks hid inside a wooden horse to get into Troy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:troy:x1:1
# text = The Greeks hid inside a wooden horse to get into Troy.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Greeks	Greek	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	hid	hide	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	inside	inside	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	wooden	wooden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	get	get	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
10	into	into	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	Troy	Troy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hide** | past | the Greeks |  |  |  |  | inside a wooden horse | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent inside horse=Location |
| 2 | **get** | to-infinitive | the Greeks *not said here* |  |  | Troy |  |  | vn escape-51.1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme into troy=Destination |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Helen of Troy was said to be very beautiful.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:troy:x2:1
# text = Helen of Troy was said to be very beautiful.
1	Helen	Helen	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	Troy	Troy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	said	say	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
7	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	cop	_	_
8	very	very	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	beautiful	beautiful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past · passive |  | Helen of Troy |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: subject=Topic |
| 2 | **is** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | beautiful *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Archaeologists dug up the ruins of Troy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:troy:x3:1
# text = Archaeologists dug up the ruins of Troy.
1	Archaeologists	archaeologist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	dug	dig	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	up	up	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	ruins	ruin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Troy	Troy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dig up** | past | Archaeologists | the ruins of Troy |  |  |  |  | vn poke-19-1-1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent ruin=Theme |
| 2 | **ruin** |  |  | Troy |  |  |  |  | nom ruin «state transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Gold is weighed in troy ounces.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:troy:x4:1
# text = Gold is weighed in troy ounces.
1	Gold	gold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	weighed	weigh	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	troy	troy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	ounces	ounce	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **weigh** | present · passive |  | Gold |  | troy ounces |  |  | vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: subject=Value |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My cousin Troy is in Year 6.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:troy:x5:1
# text = My cousin Troy is in Year 6.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	cousin	cousin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	Troy	Troy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Year	Year	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	6	6	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | My cousin |  |  |  | in Year |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A computer virus called a Trojan horse tricks you into opening it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:troy:x6:1
# text = A computer virus called a Trojan horse tricks you into opening it.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	computer	computer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	virus	virus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
4	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	Trojan	trojan	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
8	tricks	trick	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	_
10	into	into	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
11	opening	open	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	advcl	_	_
12	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | participle |  | a computer virus *not said here* | a Trojan horse |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent horse=Recipient |
| 2 | **trick** | present | a computer virus | you |  |  |  |  | vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent you=Patient |
| 3 | **open** | gerund | a computer virus *not said here* | horse |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location it=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He who sung of Troy became earth, and from that earth I have sprung.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:troy:x7:1
# text = He who sung of Troy became earth, and from that earth I have sprung.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sung	sing	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
5	Troy	Troy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	became	become	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
7	earth	earth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
10	from	from	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	12	det	_	_
12	earth	earth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
13	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
14	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	_
15	sprung	spring	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sing** *speech: express* | past | He |  |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location |
| 2 | **become** | past | Troy | earth |  |  |  |  | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **spring** | present · perfect | I |  |  | that earth |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme from earth=Trajectory |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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