---
title: truck — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «truck» in the school dictionary: A truck is a big vehicle for carrying heavy things (UK also: lorry). Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# truck

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** truck, big vehicle, wheels, food truck, van, 5 trucks · **What happens:** be, carry, move, cook, sell, mean · **To what, where:** big vehicle, heavy things, small cart, things, van, food

<!-- .vabout -->
«truck» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [truck in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/truck.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A truck is a big vehicle for carrying heavy things (UK also: lorry).

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:truck:m1:1
# text = A truck is a big vehicle for carrying heavy things (UK also: lorry).
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	truck	truck	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	vehicle	vehicle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
8	carrying	carry	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	acl	_	_
9	heavy	heavy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	_
11	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	UK	UK	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	appos	_	_
13	also	also	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
15	lorry	lorry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a truck | a big vehicle |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **carry** | gerund | a big vehicle *not said here* | heavy things |  |  |  |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A truck is also a small cart with wheels for moving things by hand: a hand truck.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:truck:m2:1
# text = A truck is also a small cart with wheels for moving things by hand: a hand truck.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	truck	truck	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	also	also	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	cart	cart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	wheels	wheel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	_
10	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
11	moving	move	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	9	acl	_	_
12	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obj	_	_
13	by	by	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	compound	_	_
18	truck	truck	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a truck | a small cart and a hand truck |  |  |  | with wheels | tree rules |
| 2 | **move** | gerund | wheels *not said here* | things |  |  |  | by hand | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent thing=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A food truck is a van that cooks and sells food.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:truck:m3:1
# text = A food truck is a van that cooks and sells food.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	truck	truck	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	van	van	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	cooks	cook	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	sells	sell	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	_
11	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a food truck | a van |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **cook** | present | a van |  |  |  |  |  | vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **sell** | present | a van *not said here* | food |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Theme |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Truck can also mean garden vegetables grown to be sold.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:truck:m4:1
# text = Truck can also mean garden vegetables grown to be sold.
1	Truck	truck	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	also	also	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	garden	garden	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	vegetables	vegetable	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
7	grown	grow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
9	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	aux:pass	_	_
10	sold	sell	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | can | Truck | garden vegetables |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent vegetable=Topic |
| 2 | **grow** | participle |  | garden vegetables *not said here* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **sell** | to-infinitive · passive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V PP.recipient» |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Each truck carries 20 boxes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:truck:x1:1
# text = Each truck carries 20 boxes.
1	Each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	truck	truck	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	carries	carry	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	20	20	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	boxes	box	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **carry** | present | each truck | 20 boxes |  |  |  |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent box=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There are 5 trucks.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:truck:x2:1
# text = There are 5 trucks.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	are	be	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	trucks	truck	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **does** | present | 5 trucks |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A truck can hold 3 tons.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:truck:x3:1
# text = A truck can hold 3 tons.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	truck	truck	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	hold	hold	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	tons	ton	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hold** | can | a truck | 3 tons |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ton=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
How many trucks are needed for 90 boxes?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:truck:x4:1
# text = How many trucks are needed for 90 boxes?
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	2	advmod	_	_
2	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	trucks	truck	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	needed	need	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	90	90	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	boxes	box	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **need** | present · passive |  | many trucks |  |  |  | for 90 boxes | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: subject=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The fire truck raced down the street.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:truck:x5:1
# text = The fire truck raced down the street.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	truck	truck	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	raced	race	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	down	down	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	street	street	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **race** | participle |  | the fire truck *not said here* |  | the street |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme down street=Trajectory |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The garbage truck comes on Mondays.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:truck:x6:1
# text = The garbage truck comes on Mondays.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	garbage	garbage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	truck	truck	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	comes	come	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Mondays	Monday	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | present | the garbage truck |  |  |  | monday |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We bought tacos from the food truck.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:truck:x7:1
# text = We bought tacos from the food truck.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	bought	buy	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	tacos	taco	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	truck	truck	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **buy** | past | We | tacos |  | the food truck |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent taco=Theme from truck=Source |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Never walk behind a truck that is backing up.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:truck:x8:1
# text = Never walk behind a truck that is backing up.
1	Never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	2	advmod	_	_
2	walk	walk	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	behind	behind	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	truck	truck	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	backing	back	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	acl:relcl	_	_
9	up	up	ADP	RP	_	8	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **walk** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  | a truck |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme behind truck=Trajectory |
| 2 | **back up** | present · progressive | a truck |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Yer you bin gobblin' up my green truck, en now you tryin' ter tote off my trap.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:truck:x9:1
# text = Yer you bin gobblin' up my green truck, en now you tryin' ter tote off my trap.
1	Yer	yer	PRON	PRP	Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	bin	bin	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	gobblin	gobblin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
6	up	up	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
8	green	green	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	truck	truck	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	en	en	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
12	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	17	advmod	_	_
13	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
14	tryin	tryin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	17	punct	_	_
16	ter	ter	PART	TO	_	17	mark	_	_
17	tote	tote	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
18	off	off	ADP	RP	_	17	compound:prt	_	_
19	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	20	nmod:poss	_	_
20	trap	trap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bin** | present | Yer | gobblin |  |  |  | up my green truck and en | vn pocket-9.10 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent gobblin=Theme |
| 2 | **tote off** | infinitive | you | my trap |  |  | now |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent trap=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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