---
title: true — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «true» in the school dictionary: True means right and real, agreeing with the facts, not false or made up. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# true

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** True, true friend, loyal friend, wish, my, shelf · **What happens:** mean, agree, make up, be, stay, come · **To what, where:** right, loyal friend, real, slang, something, that · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«true» in the school dictionary: its 9 meanings for a pupil and its 12 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [true in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/true.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
True means right and real, agreeing with the facts, not false or made up.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:true:m1:1
# text = True means right and real, agreeing with the facts, not false or made up.
1	True	true	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	right	right	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	obj	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	real	real	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	agreeing	agree	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	conj	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	facts	fact	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	13	advmod	_	_
13	false	false	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	parataxis	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	conj	_	_
16	up	up	ADP	RP	_	15	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | True | right |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent right=Topic |
| 2 | **agree** *speech: agree* | gerund | True *not said here* |  |  |  |  | with the facts | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V PP.co-agent how S»: agent=Agent with fact=Co-Agent |
| 3 | **make up** | participle | True *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A true friend is a loyal friend who stays with you.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:true:m2:1
# text = A true friend is a loyal friend who stays with you.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	loyal	loyal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
9	stays	stay	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	_
10	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a true friend | a loyal friend |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **stay** | present | a loyal friend |  |  |  |  | with you | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme with you=Location |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
True also means real and correct: a true story, a true copy.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:true:m3:1
# text = True also means real and correct: a true story, a true copy.
1	True	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	nsubj	_	_
2	also	also	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	real	real	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	correct	correct	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	copy	copy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | True | real |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent real=Topic |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Come true means really happen: my wish came true.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:true:m4:1
# text = Come true means really happen: my wish came true.
1	Come	come	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	nsubj	_	_
2	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	xcomp	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	really	really	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	happen	happen	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
7	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	wish	wish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
10	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | true *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **happen** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **come** | past | my wish |  |  |  |  | true *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **wish** |  | my |  |  |  |  |  | nom wish «feeling intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
True means straight or exact: the shelf is not true.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:true:m5:1
# text = True means straight or exact: the shelf is not true.
1	True	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	straight	straight	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	exact	exact	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	shelf	shelf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
10	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	11	advmod	_	_
11	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | True |  |  |  |  | straight *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **not** **is** | present | the shelf |  |  |  |  | true *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 6 {#m6}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: casual — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«True» or «tru» alone means I agree; «so true» means very much agreed; «true that» is slang for yes.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:true:m6:1
# text = «True» or «tru» alone means I agree; «so true» means very much agreed; «true that» is slang for yes.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	True	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
5	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	tru	tru	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	_
8	alone	alone	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	agree	agree	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	17	punct	_	_
13	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	so	so	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
15	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	15	punct	_	_
17	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	conj	_	_
18	very	very	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
19	much	much	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
20	agreed	agree	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	17	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
22	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	23	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	nsubj	_	_
24	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	23	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	23	punct	_	_
26	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	27	cop	_	_
27	slang	slang	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	parataxis	_	_
28	for	for	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
29	yes	yes	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Pos	27	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | True |  |  |  |  | alone *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **agree** *speech: agree* | present | I |  |  |  |  |  | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **mean** | present | true |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 4 | **agree** *speech: agree* | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **is a** | present | true | slang |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 7 {#m7}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: casual — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Is that true?», «for real?» and «no cap» (slang: no lie) ask or promise that something is not made up.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:true:m7:1
# text = «Is that true?», «for real?» and «no cap» (slang: no lie) ask or promise that something is not made up.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	4	nsubj	_	_
4	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	real	real	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
14	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	16	det	_	_
16	cap	cap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	16	punct	_	_
18	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	slang	slang	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	22	punct	_	_
21	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	22	det	_	_
22	lie	lie	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	19	punct	_	_
24	ask	ask	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
25	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
26	promise	promise	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	24	conj	_	_
27	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	31	mark	_	_
28	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	31	nsubj:pass	_	_
29	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	31	aux:pass	_	_
30	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	31	advmod	_	_
31	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	26	advcl	_	_
32	up	up	ADP	RP	_	31	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	24	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** *in a quote* | present | that |  |  |  |  | true *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** *in a quote* |  | that *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **ask** *speech: ask* | present | true |  |  |  |  |  | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **promise** *speech: promise* | present | true *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn promise-37.13 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **not** **make up** | present · passive |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Pivot |

## Meaning 8 {#m8}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Accurate», «correct», «valid», «consistent with the facts» and «it holds that» are stiff words for true.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:true:m8:1
# text = «Accurate», «correct», «valid», «consistent with the facts» and «it holds that» are stiff words for true.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Accurate	accurate	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	correct	correct	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	valid	valid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	consistent	consistent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	_
15	with	with	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	facts	fact	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
20	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj	_	_
22	holds	hold	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	27	csubj	_	_
23	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	22	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	22	punct	_	_
25	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	27	cop	_	_
26	stiff	stiff	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
27	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
28	for	for	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
29	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hold** *in a quote* | present | it | that |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent that=Theme |
| 2 | **is a** | present |  | stiff words |  |  |  | for true | tree rules |

## Meaning 9 {#m9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
True can also mean honestly or truthfully, as in "tell me true.".

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:true:m9:1
# text = True can also mean honestly or truthfully, as in "tell me true.".
1	True	true	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	also	also	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	honestly	honestly	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	truthfully	truthfully	ADV	RB	_	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	fixed	_	_
11	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	tell	tell	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	parataxis	_	_
13	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	12	iobj	_	_
14	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | can | True |  |  |  |  | honestly *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **tell** *speech: assert* *in a quote* | infinitive |  |  | me |  |  | true *property* | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent i=Recipient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Is 7 + 5 = 12 true or false?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:true:x1:1
# text = Is 7 + 5 = 12 true or false?
1	Is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	cop	_	_
2	7	7	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	0	root	_	_
3	+	+	SYM	SYM	_	4	cc	_	_
4	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	conj	_	_
5	=	=	SYM	SYM	_	6	case	_	_
6	12	12	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	conj	_	_
7	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	xcomp	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	false	false	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present |  | 7 |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which statement is true?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:true:x2:1
# text = Which statement is true?
1	Which	which	DET	WDT	PronType=Int	2	det	_	_
2	statement	statement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | which statement |  |  |  |  | true *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is true that 3 × 4 = 12.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:true:x3:1
# text = It is true that 3 × 4 = 12.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
5	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	×	×	SYM	SYM	Number=Sing	3	parataxis	_	_
7	4	4	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	flat	_	_
8	=	=	SYM	SYM	_	9	case	_	_
9	12	12	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | It |  |  |  |  | true *property* | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Write true or false for each sum.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:true:x4:1
# text = Write true or false for each sum.
1	Write	write	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	obj	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	false	false	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	7	det	_	_
7	sum	sum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | imperative | you *not said here* | true |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent true=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The film is based on a true story.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:true:x5:1
# text = The film is based on a true story.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	film	film	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	based	base	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **base** | present · passive |  | the film |  | a true story |  |  | vn base-97.1 «NP V NP PP.source»: subject=Theme on story=Source |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Her dream came true.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:true:x6:1
# text = Her dream came true.
1	Her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	dream	dream	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | Her dream |  |  |  |  | true *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **dream** |  | Her *= she* |  |  |  |  |  | nom dream «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A true friend helps you when things are hard.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:true:x7:1
# text = A true friend helps you when things are hard.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	helps	help	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	4	obj	_	_
6	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	9	advmod	_	_
7	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
8	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | a true friend |  | you |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent you=Beneficiary |
| 2 | **is** | present | things |  |  |  |  | hard *property* | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Is it true that bats are blind? No, it is a myth.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Is it true that bats are blind?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:true:x8:1
# text = Is it true that bats are blind?
1	Is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
2	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
5	bats	bat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
6	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	blind	blind	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | it |  |  |  |  | true *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | bats |  |  |  |  | blind *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* No, it is a myth.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:true:x8:2
# text = No, it is a myth.
1	No	no	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Neg	6	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	expl	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	myth	myth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present |  | a myth |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mia reckons plants eat soil to grow. true? — No, plants make their food from light, air and water. (casual, wrong claim)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Mia reckons plants eat soil to grow. true? — No, plants make their food from light, air and water.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:true:x9:1
# text = Mia reckons plants eat soil to grow. true? — No, plants make their food from light, air and water.
1	Mia	Mia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	reckons	reckon	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	eat	eat	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	ccomp	_	_
5	soil	soil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	grow	grow	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
9	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
11	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
12	No	no	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Neg	15	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
14	plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nsubj	_	_
15	make	make	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
16	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
17	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	_
18	from	from	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
21	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	conj	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
23	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reckon** | present | Mia |  |  |  |  |  | vn consider-29.9-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **eat** | present | plants | soil |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent soil=Patient |
| 3 | **grow** | to-infinitive | plants *not said here* |  |  |  |  | true *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **make** | present | plants | plants's food |  | light and air and water |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: agent=Asset food=Product from light=Material |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (casual, wrong claim)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:true:x9:2
# text = (casual, wrong claim)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	casual	casual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	wrong	wrong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	claim	claim	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Maths is easier than spelling.» «True.» (casual)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* «Maths is easier than spelling.»

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:true:x10:1
# text = «Maths is easier than spelling.»
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Maths	math	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	easier	easy	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	_
5	than	than	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	spelling	spelling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** *in a quote* | present | Maths |  |  |  |  | than spelling; easy *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* «True.»

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:true:x10:2
# text = «True.»
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	True	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 3:* (casual)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:true:x10:3
# text = (casual)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	casual	casual	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 11 {#x11}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Is it true you told her I cheated? You liar. (rough)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Is it true you told her I cheated?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:true:x11:1
# text = Is it true you told her I cheated?
1	Is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
2	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	told	tell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
6	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	iobj	_	_
7	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	cheated	cheat	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | it |  |  |  |  | true *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **tell** *speech: assert* | past | you |  | her *= she* |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent she=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 3 | **cheat** | past | I |  |  |  |  |  | vn cheat-10.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* You liar.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:true:x11:2
# text = You liar.
1	You	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	liar	liar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 3:* (rough)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:true:x11:3
# text = (rough)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	rough	rough	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 12 {#x12}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements is consistent with the established facts concerning the boiling point of water at sea level? (formal exam)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Which of the following statements is consistent with the established facts concerning the boiling point of water at sea level?

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:true:x12:1
# text = Which of the following statements is consistent with the established facts concerning the boiling point of water at sea level?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	consistent	consistent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	established	establish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	amod	_	_
11	facts	fact	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
12	concerning	concern	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	11	acl	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	boiling	boiling	ADJ	JJ	_	15	amod	_	_
15	point	point	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	_
18	at	at	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	compound	_	_
20	level	level	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | of the following statements; with the established facts; consistent *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **establish** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot |
| 4 | **concern** | gerund | the established facts *not said here* | the boiling point of water |  | sea level |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus point=Experiencer |
| 5 | **point** |  |  | water |  |  |  |  | nom point «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (formal exam)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:true:x12:2
# text = (formal exam)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	formal	formal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	exam	exam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
```

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The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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<!-- pn -->
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