---
title: truly — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «truly» in the school dictionary: Really; in a way that is true, sincere and honest. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# truly

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** way, Yours, I, It, you, We · **What happens:** be, end, say, break, believe, make · **To what, where:** way, formal letter, jokey way, pencil, beautiful sunset, moon · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«truly» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [truly in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/truly.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Really; in a way that is true, sincere and honest.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:truly:m1:1
# text = Really; in a way that is true, sincere and honest.
1	Really	really	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	sincere	sincere	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	conj	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	honest	honest	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | a way |  |  |  |  | true *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | a way *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **be** |  | a way *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I am truly sorry.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:truly:m1e:1
# text = I am truly sorry.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	am	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	truly	truly	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	sorry	sorry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | I |  |  |  |  | sorry, truly *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Very, completely: a truly amazing day.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:truly:m2:1
# text = Very, completely: a truly amazing day.
1	Very	very	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	completely	completely	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	3	punct	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
6	truly	truly	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	amazing	amazing	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Yours truly" is a way to end a formal letter, and also a jokey way to say "me".

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:truly:m3:1
# text = "Yours truly" is a way to end a formal letter, and also a jokey way to say "me".
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Yours	your	PRON	PRP	Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
3	truly	truly	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	end	end	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	acl	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	formal	formal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	letter	letter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
15	also	also	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	jokey	jokey	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	parataxis	_	_
19	to	to	PART	TO	_	20	mark	_	_
20	say	say	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	18	acl	_	_
21	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	20	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Yours | a way |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **end** | to-infinitive |  | a formal letter |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality letter=Eventuality |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | to-infinitive | Yours *not said here* | a jokey way *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I am truly sorry I broke your pencil.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:truly:x1:1
# text = I am truly sorry I broke your pencil.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	am	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	truly	truly	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	sorry	sorry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	broke	break	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	ccomp	_	_
7	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	pencil	pencil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | I |  |  |  |  | sorry, truly *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **break** | past | I | your pencil |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer pencil=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It was a truly beautiful sunset.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:truly:x2:1
# text = It was a truly beautiful sunset.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	truly	truly	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	beautiful	beautiful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	sunset	sunset	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | It | a beautiful sunset |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Do you truly believe the moon is made of cheese?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:truly:x3:1
# text = Do you truly believe the moon is made of cheese?
1	Do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
2	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
3	truly	truly	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	believe	believe	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	moon	moon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	ccomp	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	cheese	cheese	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **believe** | present · do-support | you |  |  |  |  | truly *property* | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 2 | **make** | present · passive |  | the moon |  |  |  | of cheese | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We were truly grateful for the help.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:truly:x4:1
# text = We were truly grateful for the help.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	truly	truly	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	grateful	grateful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	help	help	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | We |  |  |  |  | for the help; grateful, truly *property* | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The test showed what truly happened.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:truly:x5:1
# text = The test showed what truly happened.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	test	test	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	showed	show	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	6	nsubj	_	_
5	truly	truly	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	happened	happen	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | past | the test |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **happen** | past |  |  |  |  |  | truly *property* | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Yours truly, Emma Brown.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:truly:x6:1
# text = Yours truly, Emma Brown.
1	Yours	your	PRON	PRP	Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
2	truly	truly	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	Emma	Emma	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	Brown	Brown	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cake was well and truly burnt.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:truly:x7:1
# text = The cake was well and truly burnt.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cake	cake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
4	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	7	advmod	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	truly	truly	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	burnt	burnt	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **burnt** | past · passive |  | the cake |  |  |  | truly, well *property* | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She was truly happy when her grandma visited.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:truly:x8:1
# text = She was truly happy when her grandma visited.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	truly	truly	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	happy	happy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	8	advmod	_	_
6	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	grandma	grandma	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	visited	visit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | She |  |  |  |  | happy, truly *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **visit** | past | her grandma |  |  |  |  |  | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
“Come,” said the king, “tell me truly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:truly:x9:1
# text = “Come,” said the king, “tell me truly.
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Come	come	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
5	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	tell	tell	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
11	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	10	iobj	_	_
12	truly	truly	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** *in a quote* | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the king |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **tell** *speech: assert* *in a quote* | infinitive | the king *not said here* |  | the king *= king* |  |  | truly *property* | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent i=Recipient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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