---
title: truss — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «truss» in the school dictionary: A truss is a frame of beams joined in triangles that holds up a roof or a bridge. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# truss

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** truss, triangles, steel trusses, Grandma, robbers, We · **What happens:** be, join, hold up, truss, mean, tie up · **To what, where:** frame, beams, roof, someone, padded belt, body · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«truss» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [truss in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/truss.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A truss is a frame of beams joined in triangles that holds up a roof or a bridge.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:truss:m1:1
# text = A truss is a frame of beams joined in triangles that holds up a roof or a bridge.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	truss	truss	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	frame	frame	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	beams	beam	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
8	joined	join	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	triangles	triangle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
11	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
12	holds	hold	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	acl:relcl	_	_
13	up	up	ADP	RP	_	12	compound:prt	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	roof	roof	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
16	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	bridge	bridge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a truss | a frame |  |  |  | of beams | tree rules |
| 2 | **join** | participle |  | beams *not said here* |  |  |  | in triangles | vn cooperate-73.1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent in triangle=Theme |
| 3 | **hold up** | present | triangles | a roof or a bridge |  |  |  |  | vn support-15.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot roof=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To truss means to tie someone or something up tightly, for example the legs and wings of a chicken before cooking.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:truss:m2:1
# text = To truss means to tie someone or something up tightly, for example the legs and wings of a chicken before cooking.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	truss	truss	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	csubj	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	tie	tie	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	5	obj	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	6	conj	_	_
9	up	up	ADP	RP	_	5	compound:prt	_	_
10	tightly	tightly	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	for	for	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	example	example	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	legs	leg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nmod	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	wings	wing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	conj	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	chicken	chicken	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	_
21	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	22	mark	_	_
22	cooking	cook	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **truss** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn tape-22.4 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **tie up** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  | someone |  |  |  | for example  the legs and wings of a chicken; tightly *property* | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent someone=Patient |
| 4 | **cook** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A truss is also a padded belt worn to support the body after an injury (medical, old-fashioned).

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:truss:m3:1
# text = A truss is also a padded belt worn to support the body after an injury (medical, old-fashioned).
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	truss	truss	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	also	also	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	padded	pad	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	amod	_	_
7	belt	belt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	worn	wear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	support	support	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	xcomp	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
13	after	after	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	injury	injury	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
16	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	medical	medical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
19	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	fashioned	fashioned	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pad** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is a** | present | a truss | a padded belt |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **wear** | participle |  | a padded belt *not said here* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **support** | to-infinitive |  | the body |  |  | after a injury |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer body=Stimulus |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A truss is a bunch of flowers or fruit on one stalk, like truss tomatoes.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:truss:m4:1
# text = A truss is a bunch of flowers or fruit on one stalk, like truss tomatoes.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	truss	truss	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	bunch	bunch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	flowers	flower	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	fruit	fruit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
10	on	on	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	12	nummod	_	_
12	stalk	stalk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	like	like	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	truss	truss	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	_
16	tomatoes	tomato	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a truss | a bunch |  |  |  | of flowers or fruit on one stalk and truss tomatoes | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The bridge is held up by steel trusses.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:truss:x1:1
# text = The bridge is held up by steel trusses.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bridge	bridge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	held	hold	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	up	up	ADP	RP	_	4	compound:prt	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	steel	steel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	trusses	truss	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hold up** | present · passive | steel trusses | the bridge |  |  |  |  | vn support-15.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot subject=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Triangles make a truss very strong.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:truss:x2:1
# text = Triangles make a truss very strong.
1	Triangles	triangle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	make	make	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	truss	truss	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	very	very	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | Triangles | a truss |  |  |  | strong *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset truss=Product |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandma trussed the turkey with string.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:truss:x3:1
# text = Grandma trussed the turkey with string.
1	Grandma	grandma	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	trussed	truss	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	turkey	turkey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	string	string	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **truss** | past | Grandma | the turkey |  |  |  | with string | vn tape-22.4 «NP V NP PP.co-patient PP.instrument»: agent=Agent turkey=Patient with string=Instrument |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The robbers trussed up the guard with rope.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:truss:x4:1
# text = The robbers trussed up the guard with rope.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	robbers	robber	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	trussed	truss	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	up	up	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	guard	guard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	rope	rope	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **truss up** | participle | the robbers *not said here* | the guard |  |  |  | with rope | vn tape-22.4 «NP V NP PP.co-patient PP.instrument»: agent=Agent guard=Patient with rope=Instrument |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We built a truss bridge from straws in DT.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:truss:x5:1
# text = We built a truss bridge from straws in DT.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	built	build	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	truss	truss	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	bridge	bridge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	straws	straw	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	DT	DT	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **build** | past | We | a truss bridge |  | straws in DT |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP.product PP.material»: agent=Agent bridge=Product from straw=Material |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mum bought a bag of truss tomatoes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:truss:x6:1
# text = Mum bought a bag of truss tomatoes.
1	Mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	bought	buy	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	bag	bag	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	truss	truss	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	tomatoes	tomato	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **buy** | past | Mum | a bag of truss tomatoes |  |  |  |  | vn accept-77.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bag=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
“Here is another one,” cried Caevo’g as she bundled a trussed champion along.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:truss:x7:1
# text = “Here is another one,” cried Caevo’g as she bundled a trussed champion along.
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Here	here	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	5	advmod	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	5	det	_	_
5	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
8	cried	cry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	Caevo’g	Caevo'g	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
10	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
11	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
12	bundled	bundle	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	advcl	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	trussed	truss	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	amod	_	_
15	champion	champion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
16	along	along	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** *in a quote* | present |  | another one |  | here |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **cry** *speech: express* | past | another one | Caevo’g |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent caevo'g=Topic |
| 3 | **bundle** | past | Caevo’g *= caevo'g* | a trussed champion |  |  |  | along *property* | vn shake-22.3-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent champion=Patient |
| 4 | **truss** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn tape-22.4 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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