---
title: truthful — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «truthful» in the school dictionary: Telling the truth; honest, not lying. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# truthful

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** correct picture, you, She, George, witness, one knight · **What happens:** tell, not lie, give, happen, be, break · **To what, where:** truth, correct picture, window, truthful answer, truthful account, accident · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«truthful» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [truthful in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/truthful.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Telling the truth; honest, not lying.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:truthful:m1:1
# text = Telling the truth; honest, not lying.
1	Telling	tell	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	csubj	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	truth	truth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	5	punct	_	_
5	honest	honest	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
8	lying	lie	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | gerund |  | the truth |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent truth=Recipient |
| 2 | **not** **lie** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
True; giving a correct picture of what happened.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:truthful:m2:1
# text = True; giving a correct picture of what happened.
1	True	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
3	giving	give	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	advcl	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	correct	correct	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	picture	picture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
8	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	9	nsubj	_	_
9	happened	happen	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | gerund |  | a correct picture |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent picture=Theme |
| 2 | **happen** | past | a correct picture |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Please be truthful about who broke the window.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:truthful:x1:1
# text = Please be truthful about who broke the window.
1	Please	please	INTJ	UH	_	3	discourse	_	_
2	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	cop	_	_
3	truthful	truthful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	about	about	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
5	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
6	broke	break	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	window	window	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | truthful *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **break** | past |  | the window |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer window=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She gave a truthful answer even though it was hard.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:truthful:x2:1
# text = She gave a truthful answer even though it was hard.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	truthful	truthful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	answer	answer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	even	even	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
7	though	though	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	expl	_	_
9	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
10	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | She | a truthful answer |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent answer=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | past | She *not said here* |  |  |  |  | hard *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
George was always truthful with his parents.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:truthful:x3:1
# text = George was always truthful with his parents.
1	George	George	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	4	advmod	_	_
4	truthful	truthful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	parents	parent	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | George |  |  |  |  | with George's parents; always, truthful *property* | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The witness gave a truthful account of the accident.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:truthful:x4:1
# text = The witness gave a truthful account of the accident.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	witness	witness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	truthful	truthful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	account	account	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	accident	accident	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | the witness | a truthful account of the accident |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent account=Theme |
| 2 | **account** |  |  | the accident |  |  |  |  | nom account «communication transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the puzzle, one knight is truthful and one always lies.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:truthful:x5:1
# text = In the puzzle, one knight is truthful and one always lies.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	puzzle	puzzle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	knight	knight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	truthful	truthful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
10	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	12	nsubj	_	_
11	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	12	advmod	_	_
12	lies	lie	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | one knight |  |  | the puzzle |  | truthful *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **lie** | present | one |  |  |  |  | always *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Being truthful helps people trust you.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:truthful:x6:1
# text = Being truthful helps people trust you.
1	Being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	cop	_	_
2	truthful	truthful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	csubj	_	_
3	helps	help	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	trust	trust	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	5	iobj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | truthful *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **help** | present |  | people |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent people=Beneficiary clause=Theme |
| 3 | **trust** | infinitive | people *not said here* |  | you |  |  |  | vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent you=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To be truthful, I didn't like the film.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:truthful:x7:1
# text = To be truthful, I didn't like the film.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	3	mark	_	_
2	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	cop	_	_
3	truthful	truthful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
5	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
6	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
8	like	like	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	film	film	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | truthful *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **like** | past · do-support | I | the film |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot film=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Sometimes," said the Skin Horse, for he was always truthful.

<!-- fold The tree, 10 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:truthful:x8:1
# text = "Sometimes," said the Skin Horse, for he was always truthful.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Sometimes	sometimes	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
5	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	Skin	Skin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	Horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
10	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
11	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
12	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
13	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	14	advmod	_	_
14	truthful	truthful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the Skin Horse |  |  |  |  | sometimes *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | past | Horse |  |  |  |  | always, truthful *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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