---
title: tsar — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «tsar» in the school dictionary: A tsar was an emperor of Russia before 1917. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# tsar

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** tsar, person, Peter, last tsar, tsarina, government · **What happens:** be, give, live, wear, jewell, name · **To what, where:** emperor, person, strong power, one area, famous Russian tsar, Nicholas

<!-- .vabout -->
«tsar» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [tsar in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/tsar.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A tsar was an emperor of Russia before 1917.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tsar:m1:1
# text = A tsar was an emperor of Russia before 1917.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	tsar	tsar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	emperor	emperor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Russia	Russia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	before	before	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	1917	1917	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | a tsar | a emperor |  |  | before 1917 | of Russia | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: informal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A tsar is a person given strong power over one area by a government, as in a drugs tsar.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tsar:m2:1
# text = A tsar is a person given strong power over one area by a government, as in a drugs tsar.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	tsar	tsar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	power	power	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	over	over	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	11	nummod	_	_
11	area	area	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
12	by	by	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	government	government	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
16	as	as	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
17	in	in	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
19	drugs	drug	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	compound	_	_
20	tsar	tsar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a tsar | a person and a drugs tsar |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **give** | participle | a person and a drugs tsar *not said here* | strong power |  | one area |  | by a government | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent power=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Peter the Great was a famous Russian tsar.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tsar:x1:1
# text = Peter the Great was a famous Russian tsar.
1	Peter	Peter	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	Great	Great	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
6	famous	famous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
7	Russian	Russian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	tsar	tsar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Peter | a famous Russian tsar |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The last tsar was Nicholas II.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tsar:x2:1
# text = The last tsar was Nicholas II.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	tsar	tsar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	Nicholas	Nicholas	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	II	II	NUM	CD	NumForm=Roman|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the last tsar | Nicholas |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The tsar lived in a palace in Saint Petersburg.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tsar:x3:1
# text = The tsar lived in a palace in Saint Petersburg.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	tsar	tsar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	lived	live	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	palace	palace	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	Saint	Saint	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	Petersburg	Petersburg	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | past | the tsar |  |  | a palace in Saint Petersburg |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in palace=Location |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The tsarina wore a jewelled crown.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tsar:x4:1
# text = The tsarina wore a jewelled crown.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	tsarina	tsarina	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	wore	wear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	jewelled	jewell	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	amod	_	_
6	crown	crown	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wear** | past | the tsarina | a jewelled crown |  |  |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent crown=Theme |
| 2 | **jewell** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The government named a new education tsar.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tsar:x5:1
# text = The government named a new education tsar.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	government	government	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	named	name	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	education	education	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	tsar	tsar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **name** | past | the government | a new education tsar |  |  |  |  | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tsar=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bulgaria also had tsars long ago.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tsar:x6:1
# text = Bulgaria also had tsars long ago.
1	Bulgaria	Bulgaria	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	also	also	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	tsars	tsar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	6	advmod	_	_
6	ago	ago	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | Bulgaria | tsars |  |  |  | ago *property* | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tsar=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Tsar was a good swimmer.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tsar:x7:1
# text = The Tsar was a good swimmer.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Tsar	Tsar	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	swimmer	swimmer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the Tsar | a good swimmer |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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