---
title: tsunami — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «tsunami» in the school dictionary: A tsunami is a huge sea wave, or series of waves, caused by an earthquake, volcano or landslide under the sea. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# tsunami

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** tsunami, earthquake, sea, you, town, signs · **What happens:** be, cause, mean, arrive, amount, travel · **To what, where:** huge sea wave, huge amount, something, whole ocean, tsunami, high ground

<!-- .vabout -->
«tsunami» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [tsunami in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/tsunami.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A tsunami is a huge sea wave, or series of waves, caused by an earthquake, volcano or landslide under the sea.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tsunami:m1:1
# text = A tsunami is a huge sea wave, or series of waves, caused by an earthquake, volcano or landslide under the sea.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	tsunami	tsunami	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	huge	huge	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	wave	wave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	series	series	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	waves	wave	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	caused	cause	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	appos	_	_
15	by	by	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	earthquake	earthquake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
19	volcano	volcano	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	conj	_	_
20	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	landslide	landslide	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	conj	_	_
22	under	under	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a tsunami | a huge sea wave or series of waves |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **cause** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | by a earthquake and volcano or landslide under the sea | vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A tsunami can also mean a huge amount of something arriving at once, like a tsunami of emails.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tsunami:m2:1
# text = A tsunami can also mean a huge amount of something arriving at once, like a tsunami of emails.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	tsunami	tsunami	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	also	also	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	huge	huge	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	amount	amount	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	8	nmod	_	_
11	arriving	arrive	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	10	acl	_	_
12	at	at	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	like	like	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	tsunami	tsunami	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	emails	email	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | can | a tsunami | a huge amount of something |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent amount=Topic |
| 2 | **arrive** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | like a tsunami of emails | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **amount** |  |  | something |  |  |  |  | nom amount «possession transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A tsunami can travel across the whole ocean.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tsunami:x1:1
# text = A tsunami can travel across the whole ocean.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	tsunami	tsunami	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	travel	travel	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	across	across	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	ocean	ocean	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **travel** | can | a tsunami |  |  | the whole ocean |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme across ocean=Trajectory |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The earthquake caused a tsunami.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tsunami:x2:1
# text = The earthquake caused a tsunami.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	earthquake	earthquake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	caused	cause	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	tsunami	tsunami	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cause** | past | the earthquake | a tsunami |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition tsunami=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
If the sea suddenly goes far out, go to high ground at once.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tsunami:x3:1
# text = If the sea suddenly goes far out, go to high ground at once.
1	If	if	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	suddenly	suddenly	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	goes	go	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	advcl	_	_
6	far	far	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	7	advmod	_	_
7	out	out	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
9	go	go	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	to	to	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
13	at	at	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | the sea |  |  |  |  | out, suddenly *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **go** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  | high ground |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to ground=Initial\_Location |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The town has signs showing the tsunami evacuation route.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tsunami:x4:1
# text = The town has signs showing the tsunami evacuation route.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	signs	sign	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	showing	show	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	acl	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
7	tsunami	tsunami	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	evacuation	evacuation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	route	route	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the town | signs |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sign=Patient |
| 2 | **show** | gerund | signs *not said here* | the evacuation route |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent route=Recipient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The tsunami flooded the coast.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tsunami:x5:1
# text = The tsunami flooded the coast.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	tsunami	tsunami	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	flooded	flood	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	coast	coast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **flood** | past | the tsunami | the coast |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent coast=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Scientists can send out tsunami warnings.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tsunami:x6:1
# text = Scientists can send out tsunami warnings.
1	Scientists	scientist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	send	send	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	out	out	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	tsunami	tsunami	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	warnings	warning	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **send out** | can | Scientists | tsunami warnings |  |  |  |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent warning=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A tsunami is not caused by wind.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tsunami:x7:1
# text = A tsunami is not caused by wind.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	tsunami	tsunami	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
4	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
5	caused	cause	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **cause** | present · passive | wind | a tsunami |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition subject=Patient |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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