---
title: tumour — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «tumour» in the school dictionary: A lump in the body made of cells that grow when they should not. Some tumours are harmless (benign); some are cancer (malignant). Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# tumour

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** cells, tumours, doctor, benign tumour, surgeon, Scientists · **What happens:** make, grow, be, find, not be, not spread · **To what, where:** lump, cancer, small tumour, tumour

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«tumour» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [tumour in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/tumour.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A lump in the body made of cells that grow when they should not. Some tumours are harmless (benign); some are cancer (malignant).

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* A lump in the body made of cells that grow when they should not.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tumour:m1:1
# text = A lump in the body made of cells that grow when they should not.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	lump	lump	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	cells	cell	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
9	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
10	grow	grow	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	_
11	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	13	advmod	_	_
12	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	advcl	_	_
14	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	13	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | participle |  | a lump in the body *not said here* |  |  |  | of cells | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 2 | **grow** | present | cells |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Some tumours are harmless (benign); some are cancer (malignant).

<!-- fold The tree, 9 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tumour:m1:2
# text = Some tumours are harmless (benign); some are cancer (malignant).
1	Some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	2	det	_	_
2	tumours	tumour	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	harmless	harmless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	benign	benign	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	11	det	_	_
10	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
11	cancer	cancer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
12	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	malignant	malignant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | some tumours |  |  |  |  | harmless *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | some tumours *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **is a** | present | some tumours *not said here* | some cancer |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The doctor found a small tumour.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tumour:x1:1
# text = The doctor found a small tumour.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	doctor	doctor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	found	find	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	tumour	tumour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | past | the doctor | a small tumour |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tumour=Topic |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Not all tumours are cancer.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tumour:x2:1
# text = Not all tumours are cancer.
1	Not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
2	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	3	det	_	_
3	tumours	tumour	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	cancer	cancer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **is a** | present | all tumours | cancer |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A benign tumour does not spread.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tumour:x3:1
# text = A benign tumour does not spread.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	benign	benign	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	tumour	tumour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
5	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	6	advmod	_	_
6	spread	spread	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **spread** | present · do-support | a benign tumour |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The surgeon removed the tumour.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tumour:x4:1
# text = The surgeon removed the tumour.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	surgeon	surgeon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	removed	remove	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	tumour	tumour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **remove** | past | the surgeon | the tumour |  |  |  |  | vn fire-10.10 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tumour=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Scientists study why tumours grow.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tumour:x5:1
# text = Scientists study why tumours grow.
1	Scientists	scientist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	study	study	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	5	advmod	_	_
4	tumours	tumour	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	grow	grow	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **study** | present | Scientists |  |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V what S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **grow** | present | tumours |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Her uncle had a tumour, but he is better now.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tumour:x6:1
# text = Her uncle had a tumour, but he is better now.
1	Her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	uncle	uncle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	tumour	tumour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
8	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
10	better	good	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	3	conj	_	_
11	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	10	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | Her uncle | a tumour |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tumour=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | present | uncle |  |  |  | now | good *property* | tree rules |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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