---
title: tuna — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «tuna» in the school dictionary: A tuna is a large, fast sea fish that swims in warm oceans. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# tuna

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** tuna, large fast sea fish, I, Mum, Dolphins, three cans · **What happens:** be, swim, sell, use, have, open · **To what, where:** large fast sea fish, warm oceans, meat, tins, sandwiches, tuna sandwich

<!-- .vabout -->
«tuna» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [tuna in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/tuna.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A tuna is a large, fast sea fish that swims in warm oceans.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tuna:m1:1
# text = A tuna is a large, fast sea fish that swims in warm oceans.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	tuna	tuna	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
5	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	fast	fast	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
8	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	fish	fish	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
10	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
11	swims	swim	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	acl:relcl	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	warm	warm	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	oceans	ocean	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a tuna | a large fast sea fish |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **swim** | present | a large fast sea fish |  |  | warm oceans |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in ocean=Trajectory |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Tuna is the meat of this fish, often sold in tins and used in sandwiches and salads.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tuna:m2:1
# text = Tuna is the meat of this fish, often sold in tins and used in sandwiches and salads.
1	Tuna	tuna	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	meat	meat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	7	det	_	_
7	fish	fish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	often	often	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	sold	sell	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	tins	tin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	conj	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	sandwiches	sandwich	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	salads	salad	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Tuna | the meat |  |  |  | of this fish | tree rules |
| 2 | **sell** | participle |  | the meat *not said here* |  | tins |  | often *property* | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **use** | participle |  |  |  | sandwiches and salads |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I had a tuna sandwich for lunch.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tuna:x1:1
# text = I had a tuna sandwich for lunch.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	tuna	tuna	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	sandwich	sandwich	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	lunch	lunch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | I | a tuna sandwich |  |  |  | for lunch | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sandwich=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Tuna can swim very fast.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tuna:x2:1
# text = Tuna can swim very fast.
1	Tuna	tuna	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	swim	swim	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	very	very	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	fast	fast	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **swim** | can | Tuna |  |  |  |  | fast *property* | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mum opened a tin of tuna for the pasta.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tuna:x3:1
# text = Mum opened a tin of tuna for the pasta.
1	Mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	opened	open	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	tin	tin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	tuna	tuna	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	pasta	pasta	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **open** | past | Mum | a tin of tuna for the pasta |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location tin=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dolphins sometimes swim near tuna.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tuna:x4:1
# text = Dolphins sometimes swim near tuna.
1	Dolphins	dolphin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	sometimes	sometimes	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	3	advmod	_	_
3	swim	swim	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	near	near	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	tuna	tuna	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **swim** | present | Dolphins |  |  | tuna |  | sometimes *property* | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme near tuna=Trajectory |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A can of tuna costs $2, so three cans cost $6.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tuna:x5:1
# text = A can of tuna costs $2, so three cans cost $6.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	tuna	tuna	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	costs	cost	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	$	$	SYM	$	_	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	2	2	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	so	so	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
10	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	11	nummod	_	_
11	cans	can	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nsubj	_	_
12	cost	cost	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
13	$	$	SYM	$	_	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	6	6	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	13	nummod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cost** | present | a tuna |  |  |  |  |  | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme $=Value |
| 2 | **cost** | present | three cans |  |  |  |  |  | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme $=Value |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Some tuna are bigger than a person.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tuna:x6:1
# text = Some tuna are bigger than a person.
1	Some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	2	det	_	_
2	tuna	tuna	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	bigger	big	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	_
5	than	than	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | some tuna |  |  |  |  | than a person; big *property* | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We made tuna and sweetcorn salad.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tuna:x7:1
# text = We made tuna and sweetcorn salad.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	tuna	tuna	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
5	sweetcorn	sweetcorn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	salad	salad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | We | tuna and sweetcorn salad |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tuna=Product |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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