---
title: tune — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «tune» in the school dictionary: A tune is a series of musical notes that makes a song or melody you can remember and hum. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# tune

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** tune, musical notes, you, notes, instrument, machine · **What happens:** be, make, remember, hum, tune, note · **To what, where:** series, song, melody, instrument, right pitch, radio · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«tune» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [tune in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/tune.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A tune is a series of musical notes that makes a song or melody you can remember and hum.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tune:m1:1
# text = A tune is a series of musical notes that makes a song or melody you can remember and hum.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	tune	tune	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	series	series	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	musical	musical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	notes	note	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
9	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
10	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	song	song	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	melody	melody	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	_
15	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
16	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
17	remember	remember	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	acl:relcl	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	hum	hum	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a tune | a series |  |  |  | of musical notes | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | present | musical notes | a song or melody |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset song=Product |
| 3 | **remember** | can | you | melody *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent melody=Theme |
| 4 | **hum** | infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn bulge-47.5.3 «NP V»: agent=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To tune an instrument is to adjust it so its notes are at the right pitch.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tune:m2:1
# text = To tune an instrument is to adjust it so its notes are at the right pitch.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	tune	tune	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	advcl	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	instrument	instrument	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	adjust	adjust	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	_
9	so	so	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
10	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	notes	note	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nsubj	_	_
12	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	cop	_	_
13	at	at	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	right	right	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	pitch	pitch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tune** | to-infinitive |  | a instrument |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | adjust *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **is** | present | instrument's notes |  |  | the right pitch |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **note** |  | instrument |  |  |  |  |  | nom note «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To tune a radio or TV is to set it to a channel or station.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tune:m3:1
# text = To tune a radio or TV is to set it to a channel or station.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	tune	tune	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	advcl	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	radio	radio	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	TV	TV	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	set	set	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	channel	channel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	station	station	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tune** | to-infinitive |  | a radio or TV |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | to a channel or station; set *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«In tune» means singing or playing the right notes; «out of tune» means the notes are wrong.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tune:m4:1
# text = «In tune» means singing or playing the right notes; «out of tune» means the notes are wrong.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	tune	tune	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
5	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	singing	sing	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	ccomp	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	playing	play	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	conj	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	right	right	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	notes	note	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
13	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	out	out	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	tune	tune	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	16	punct	_	_
18	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	notes	note	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	nsubj	_	_
21	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	22	cop	_	_
22	wrong	wrong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | tune |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **sing** *speech: express* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **play** | gerund |  | the right notes |  |  |  |  | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent note=Theme |
| 4 | **mean** | present | tune |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **is** | present | the notes |  |  |  |  | wrong *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To tune an engine or machine is to adjust it so it works well.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tune:m5:1
# text = To tune an engine or machine is to adjust it so it works well.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	tune	tune	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	advcl	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	engine	engine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	machine	machine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	adjust	adjust	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	_
11	so	so	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
12	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	works	work	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	advcl	_	_
14	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	13	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tune** | to-infinitive |  | a engine or machine |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | adjust *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **work** | present | machine |  |  |  |  | well *property* | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She hummed a happy tune.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tune:x1:1
# text = She hummed a happy tune.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	hummed	hum	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	happy	happy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	tune	tune	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hum** | past | She | a happy tune |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tune=Topic |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The piano is out of tune.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tune:x2:1
# text = The piano is out of tune.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	piano	piano	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	out	out	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	tune	tune	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the piano |  |  | tune |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We tuned the guitar before the concert.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tune:x3:1
# text = We tuned the guitar before the concert.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	tuned	tune	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	guitar	guitar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	before	before	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	concert	concert	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tune** | past | We | the guitar |  |  | before the concert |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Tune in to the radio at nine.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tune:x4:1
# text = Tune in to the radio at nine.
1	Tune	tune	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	in	in	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	radio	radio	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	nine	nine	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Stay tuned for more after the break.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tune:x5:1
# text = Stay tuned for more after the break.
1	Stay	stay	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	tuned	tune	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	xcomp	_	_
3	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
4	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	7	amod	_	_
5	after	after	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	break	break	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stay** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **tune** | participle | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | for the more break | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The class sang in tune.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tune:x6:1
# text = The class sang in tune.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sang	sing	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	tune	tune	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sing** *speech: express* | past | the class |  |  | tune |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in tune=Location |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He changed his tune when he saw the prize.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tune:x7:1
# text = He changed his tune when he saw the prize.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	changed	change	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	tune	tune	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	7	advmod	_	_
6	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	prize	prize	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **change** | past | He | his tune |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tune=Patient |
| 2 | **see** | past | he | the prize |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer prize=Stimulus |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And the harp played a merry tune.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tune:x8:1
# text = And the harp played a merry tune.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	harp	harp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	played	play	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	merry	merry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	tune	tune	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **play** | past | the harp | a merry tune |  |  |  |  | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tune=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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