---
title: tupi — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «tupi» in the school dictionary: The Tupi are Indigenous peoples of Brazil, who lived along the Atlantic coast when Europeans arrived. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# tupi

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Tupi, Indigenous peoples, Europeans, word, Many Brazilian place names, Toucan · **What happens:** be, live, arrive, come, grow, use · **To what, where:** Indigenous peoples, Atlantic coast, family, English, Tupi language, villages

<!-- .vabout -->
«tupi» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [tupi in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/tupi.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: a name — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Tupi are Indigenous peoples of Brazil, who lived along the Atlantic coast when Europeans arrived.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tupi:m1:1
# text = The Tupi are Indigenous peoples of Brazil, who lived along the Atlantic coast when Europeans arrived.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Tupi	Tupi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	Indigenous	indigenous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	peoples	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Brazil	Brazil	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
10	lived	live	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
11	along	along	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	Atlantic	Atlantic	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	coast	coast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
15	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	17	advmod	_	_
16	Europeans	European	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	17	nsubj	_	_
17	arrived	arrive	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the Tupi | Indigenous peoples |  |  |  | of Brazil | tree rules |
| 2 | **live** | past | Indigenous peoples |  |  | the Atlantic coast |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme along coast=Location |
| 3 | **arrive** | past | Europeans |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Tupi is also their family of languages; many words, like jaguar, piranha, toucan and tapioca, came into English from Tupi through Portuguese.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tupi:m2:1
# text = Tupi is also their family of languages; many words, like jaguar, piranha, toucan and tapioca, came into English from Tupi through Portuguese.
1	Tupi	Tupi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	also	also	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
4	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	family	family	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	languages	language	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	like	like	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	jaguar	jaguar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	piranha	piranha	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
17	toucan	toucan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	tapioca	tapioca	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
21	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
22	into	into	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	English	English	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	_
24	from	from	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	Tupi	Tupi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	_
26	through	through	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	Portuguese	Portuguese	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Tupi | their family and many words |  |  |  | of languages | tree rules |
| 2 | **come** | past | Tupi *not said here* |  |  | English |  | from Tupi through Portuguese | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location PP.destination»: agent=Theme into english=Initial\_Location from tupi=Destination |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The word «jaguar» comes from the Tupi language.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tupi:x1:1
# text = The word «jaguar» comes from the Tupi language.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	jaguar	jaguar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
6	comes	come	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	Tupi	Tupi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | present | the word |  |  | the Tupi language |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from language=Initial\_Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Tupi lived in villages along the coast of Brazil.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tupi:x2:1
# text = The Tupi lived in villages along the coast of Brazil.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Tupi	Tupi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	lived	live	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	villages	village	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
6	along	along	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	coast	coast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	Brazil	Brazil	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | past | the Tupi |  |  | villages |  | along the coast of Brazil | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in village=Location |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Many Brazilian place names are Tupi words.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tupi:x3:1
# text = Many Brazilian place names are Tupi words.
1	Many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
2	Brazilian	Brazilian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	names	name	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
5	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	Tupi	Tupi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Many Brazilian place names | Tupi words |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Toucan» came into English from Tupi through Portuguese.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tupi:x4:1
# text = «Toucan» came into English from Tupi through Portuguese.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Toucan	toucan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	into	into	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	English	English	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Tupi	Tupi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
9	through	through	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	Portuguese	Portuguese	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | Toucan |  |  | English |  | from Tupi; through Portuguese | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location PP.destination»: agent=Theme into english=Initial\_Location from tupi=Destination |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Tupi people grew cassava for food.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tupi:x5:1
# text = Tupi people grew cassava for food.
1	Tupi	Tupi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	grew	grow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	cassava	cassava	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | past | Tupi people | cassava |  |  |  | for food | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent cassava=Product for food=Beneficiary |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Some Tupi words are still used in Brazilian Portuguese.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tupi:x6:1
# text = Some Tupi words are still used in Brazilian Portuguese.
1	Some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	3	det	_	_
2	Tupi	Tupi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
5	still	still	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	Brazilian	Brazilian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	Portuguese	Portuguese	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obl:agent	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | present · passive | Brazilian Portuguese | some Tupi words |  |  | still |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Vambagen, the Brazilian historian (now Visconde de Rio Branco), tried to prove a relationship between the ancient Egyptians, or other Turanian stock, and the Tupi Indians.

<!-- fold The tree, 26 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:tupi:x7:1
# text = Vambagen, the Brazilian historian (now Visconde de Rio Branco), tried to prove a relationship between the ancient Egyptians, or other Turanian stock, and the Tupi Indians.
1	Vambagen	Vambagen	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	Brazilian	Brazilian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	historian	historian	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	appos	_	_
6	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	8	advmod	_	_
8	Visconde	Visconde	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	appos	_	_
9	de	de	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	flat	_	_
10	Rio	Rio	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	flat	_	_
11	Branco	Branco	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
14	tried	try	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
15	to	to	PART	TO	_	16	mark	_	_
16	prove	prove	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	xcomp	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	relationship	relationship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	_
19	between	between	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
21	ancient	ancient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	Egyptians	Egyptian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	18	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
24	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
25	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
26	Turanian	turanian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
27	stock	stock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
29	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
31	Tupi	Tupi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	32	compound	_	_
32	Indians	Indian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **try** | past | Vambagen | the Tupi Indians |  |  |  |  | vn try-61.1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **prove** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | Vambagen *not said here* | a relationship or other Turanian stock |  |  |  | between the ancient Egyptians | vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent relationship=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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