---
title: turkey — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «turkey» in the school dictionary: A turkey is a large bird kept on farms, with a red wobbly piece of skin on its neck. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# turkey

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** turkey, informal, We, you, turkey sandwich, Istanbul · **What happens:** be, keep, eat, go, mean, stop · **To what, where:** large bird, farms, meat, Christmas, country, failure · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«turkey» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [turkey in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/turkey.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A turkey is a large bird kept on farms, with a red wobbly piece of skin on its neck.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:turkey:m1:1
# text = A turkey is a large bird kept on farms, with a red wobbly piece of skin on its neck.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	turkey	turkey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	bird	bird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	kept	keep	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
8	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	farms	farm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
11	with	with	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
13	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
14	wobbly	wobbly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	piece	piece	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	_
18	on	on	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	20	nmod:poss	_	_
20	neck	neck	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a turkey | a large bird |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **keep** | participle |  | a large bird *not said here* |  | farms |  | with a red wobbly piece of skin on turkey's neck | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent on farm=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Turkey is the meat of this bird, often eaten at Christmas or Thanksgiving.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:turkey:m2:1
# text = Turkey is the meat of this bird, often eaten at Christmas or Thanksgiving.
1	Turkey	Turkey	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	meat	meat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	7	det	_	_
7	bird	bird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	often	often	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	eaten	eat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
11	at	at	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	Christmas	Christmas	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	Thanksgiving	Thanksgiving	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Turkey | the meat |  |  |  | of this bird | tree rules |
| 2 | **eat** | participle |  | the meat *not said here* |  | Christmas or Thanksgiving |  | often *property* | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Turkey (with a capital T) is a country between Europe and Asia.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:turkey:m3:1
# text = Turkey (with a capital T) is a country between Europe and Asia.
1	Turkey	Turkey	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
2	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	capital	capital	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	T	t	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	6	punct	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
11	between	between	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	Europe	Europe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	Asia	Asia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Turkey | a country |  |  |  | between Europe and Asia | tree rules |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: informal, US — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A turkey is a failure, like a very bad film or show.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:turkey:m4:1
# text = A turkey is a failure, like a very bad film or show.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	turkey	turkey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	failure	failure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
7	like	like	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
9	very	very	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	bad	bad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	film	film	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	show	show	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a turkey | a failure |  |  |  | like a bad film or show | tree rules |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Go cold turkey» (informal) means to stop a habit suddenly and completely.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:turkey:m5:1
# text = «Go cold turkey» (informal) means to stop a habit suddenly and completely.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Go	go	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	9	ccomp	_	_
3	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	turkey	turkey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
6	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	informal	informal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	7	punct	_	_
9	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	stop	stop	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	ccomp	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	habit	habit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
14	suddenly	suddenly	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	completely	completely	ADV	RB	_	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** *in a quote* | infinitive |  | cold turkey |  |  |  |  | vn meander-47.7 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location turkey=Theme |
| 2 | **mean** | present | informal |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **stop** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  | a habit |  |  |  | suddenly *property* | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality habit=Eventuality |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We had roast turkey for Christmas dinner.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:turkey:x1:1
# text = We had roast turkey for Christmas dinner.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	roast	roast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	turkey	turkey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	Christmas	Christmas	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	dinner	dinner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | We | roast turkey |  |  |  | for Christmas dinner | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent turkey=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The turkey gobbled at the farmer.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:turkey:x2:1
# text = The turkey gobbled at the farmer.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	turkey	turkey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	gobbled	gobble	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	at	at	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	farmer	farmer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **gobble** | participle |  | the turkey *not said here* |  |  |  | at the farmer | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Agent at farmer=Stimulus |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cook a turkey for 40 minutes for each kilogram.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:turkey:x3:1
# text = Cook a turkey for 40 minutes for each kilogram.
1	Cook	cook	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	turkey	turkey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	40	40	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	minutes	minute	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	9	det	_	_
9	kilogram	kilogram	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cook** | imperative | you *not said here* | a turkey |  |  | minute |  | vn cooking-45.3 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent turkey=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A turkey sandwich is my favourite lunch.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:turkey:x4:1
# text = A turkey sandwich is my favourite lunch.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	turkey	turkey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	sandwich	sandwich	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
6	favourite	favourite	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	lunch	lunch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a turkey sandwich | my favourite lunch |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Istanbul is the biggest city in Turkey.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:turkey:x5:1
# text = Istanbul is the biggest city in Turkey.
1	Istanbul	Istanbul	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	biggest	big	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	5	amod	_	_
5	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Turkey	Turkey	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Istanbul | the biggest city |  | Turkey |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
That film was a real turkey; nobody liked it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:turkey:x6:1
# text = That film was a real turkey; nobody liked it.
1	That	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	film	film	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	real	real	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	turkey	turkey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
8	nobody	nobody	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	9	nsubj	_	_
9	liked	like	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | that film | a real turkey |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **like** | past | nobody | film |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot it=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dad gave up chocolate cold turkey.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:turkey:x7:1
# text = Dad gave up chocolate cold turkey.
1	Dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	up	up	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	chocolate	chocolate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	turkey	turkey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give up** | past | Dad | chocolate and cold turkey |  |  |  |  | vn resign-10.11-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent chocolate=Source |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He was much larger than a turkey.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:turkey:x8:1
# text = He was much larger than a turkey.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	much	much	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	larger	large	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	_
5	than	than	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	turkey	turkey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | He |  |  |  |  | than a turkey; large *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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