---
title: turkic — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «turkic» in the school dictionary: Turkic describes a family of related languages, including Turkish, Azerbaijani, Kazakh, Uzbek, Kyrgyz, Turkmen, Uyghur and Tatar. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# turkic

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Turkic, It, peoples, Turkic peoples, Crimean Tatars, Uzbek · **What happens:** describe, speak, be, live, write, build · **To what, where:** family, peoples, languages, Turkish Turkic languages, Siberia, Turkey · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«turkic» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [turkic in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/turkic.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Turkic describes a family of related languages, including Turkish, Azerbaijani, Kazakh, Uzbek, Kyrgyz, Turkmen, Uyghur and Tatar.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:turkic:m1:1
# text = Turkic describes a family of related languages, including Turkish, Azerbaijani, Kazakh, Uzbek, Kyrgyz, Turkmen, Uyghur and Tatar.
1	Turkic	turkic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	describes	describe	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	family	family	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	related	related	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	languages	language	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	including	including	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	Turkish	Turkish	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	Azerbaijani	Azerbaijani	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	Kazakh	Kazakh	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	Uzbek	Uzbek	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
18	Kyrgyz	Kyrgyz	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
20	Turkmen	Turkmen	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
22	Uyghur	Uyghur	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
24	Tatar	Tatar	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **describe** | present | Turkic | a family of related languages |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent family=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It also describes the peoples who speak these languages and their cultures.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:turkic:m2:1
# text = It also describes the peoples who speak these languages and their cultures.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	also	also	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	describes	describe	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	peoples	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	speak	speak	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	9	det	_	_
9	languages	language	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	cultures	culture	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **describe** | present | It | the peoples |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent people=Theme |
| 2 | **speak** *speech: other* | present | the peoples | this languages and languages's cultures |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Turkish and Kazakh are both Turkic languages.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:turkic:x1:1
# text = Turkish and Kazakh are both Turkic languages.
1	Turkish	Turkish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	Kazakh	Kazakh	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	both	both	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	7	det	_	_
6	Turkic	turkic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	languages	language	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present |  | both Turkish Turkic languages |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Turkic peoples live from Turkey to Siberia.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:turkic:x2:1
# text = Turkic peoples live from Turkey to Siberia.
1	Turkic	turkic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	peoples	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	live	live	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Turkey	Turkey	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Siberia	Siberia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | present | Turkic peoples |  | Siberia | Turkey |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Many Turkic languages are written in Latin or Cyrillic letters.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:turkic:x3:1
# text = Many Turkic languages are written in Latin or Cyrillic letters.
1	Many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
2	Turkic	turkic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	languages	language	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	written	write	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
7	Latin	Latin	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	Cyrillic	cyrillic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	conj	_	_
10	letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | present · passive |  | Many Turkic languages |  | Latin letters |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme in letter=Destination |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Crimean Tatars speak a Turkic language.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:turkic:x4:1
# text = The Crimean Tatars speak a Turkic language.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Crimean	crimean	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	Tatars	Tatar	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	speak	speak	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	Turkic	turkic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | present | the Crimean Tatars | a Turkic language |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Words in Turkic languages are built by adding many endings.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:turkic:x5:1
# text = Words in Turkic languages are built by adding many endings.
1	Words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	Turkic	turkic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	languages	language	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	nmod	_	_
5	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	built	build	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
8	adding	add	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	advcl	_	_
9	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	endings	ending	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **build** | present · passive |  | Words in Turkic languages |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |
| 2 | **add** *speech: assert* | gerund |  | many endings |  |  |  |  | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ending=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Uzbek is the Turkic language with the most speakers after Turkish.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:turkic:x6:1
# text = Uzbek is the Turkic language with the most speakers after Turkish.
1	Uzbek	Uzbek	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	Turkic	turkic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	most	most	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	9	amod	_	_
9	speakers	speaker	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
10	after	after	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	Turkish	Turkish	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Uzbek | the Turkic language |  |  |  | with the most speakers after Turkish | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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