---
title: turn — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «turn» in the school dictionary: To turn means to move around a centre: the wheel turns. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# turn

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** wheel, turn, leaves, she, player, Tom · **What happens:** turn, mean, move, change, be, do · **To what, where:** centre, direction, chance, something, game, turn · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«turn» in the school dictionary: its 7 meanings for a pupil and its 10 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [turn in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/turn.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To turn means to move around a centre: the wheel turns.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:turn:m1:1
# text = To turn means to move around a centre: the wheel turns.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	turn	turn	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	csubj	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	move	move	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	around	around	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	centre	centre	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	wheel	wheel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
12	turns	turn	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **move** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  |  |  | a centre |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme around centre=Trajectory |
| 4 | **turn** | present | the wheel |  |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To turn means to change direction: turn left.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:turn:m2:1
# text = To turn means to change direction: turn left.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	turn	turn	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	csubj	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	change	change	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	direction	direction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
8	turn	turn	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
9	left	left	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **change** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  | direction |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent direction=Patient |
| 4 | **turn** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | left *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A turn is your chance to do something in a game or in order: it's your turn.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:turn:m3:1
# text = A turn is your chance to do something in a game or in order: it's your turn.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	turn	turn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	chance	chance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	acl	_	_
8	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	7	obj	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	game	game	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	order	order	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	19	punct	_	_
16	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	cop	_	_
18	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	19	nmod:poss	_	_
19	turn	turn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a turn | your chance and your turn |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **do** | to-infinitive |  | something |  | a game or order |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality |
| 3 | **is a** | present | turn | your turn |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To turn means to become: the leaves turn red; she turned 9 (became 9 years old).

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:turn:m4:1
# text = To turn means to become: the leaves turn red; she turned 9 (became 9 years old).
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	turn	turn	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	csubj	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	become	become	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
9	turn	turn	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
10	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
12	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	turned	turn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
14	9	9	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	13	obj	_	_
15	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	became	become	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	conj	_	_
17	9	9	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	18	nummod	_	_
18	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	obl:unmarked	_	_
19	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **become** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |
| 4 | **turn** | present | the leaves |  |  |  |  | red *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **turn** | past | she | 9 |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent 9=Theme |
| 6 | **become** | past | she *not said here* |  |  |  |  | old *property* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To turn a page is to move it to see the next one.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:turn:m5:1
# text = To turn a page is to move it to see the next one.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	turn	turn	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	advcl	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	page	page	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	move	move	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	advcl	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	next	next	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn** | to-infinitive |  | a page |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent page=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | move *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **see** | to-infinitive |  | the next one |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer one=Stimulus |

## Meaning 6 {#m6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A turn is a movement around: a quarter turn, a half turn, a full turn.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:turn:m6:1
# text = A turn is a movement around: a quarter turn, a half turn, a full turn.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	turn	turn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	movement	movement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	around	around	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	quarter	quarter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	turn	turn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	half	half	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing|NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac	14	compound	_	_
14	turn	turn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	turn	turn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a turn | a movement |  |  |  | around *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 7 {#m7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To turn something on means to switch it on, like a light or a machine.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:turn:m7:1
# text = To turn something on means to switch it on, like a light or a machine.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	turn	turn	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	5	csubj	_	_
3	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	switch	switch	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	_
9	on	on	ADP	RP	_	7	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	like	like	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	machine	machine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn** | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent something=Theme |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **switch on** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  | it |  |  |  | like a light or a machine | vn convert-26.6.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Each player has 3 turns.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:turn:x1:1
# text = Each player has 3 turns.
1	Each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	player	player	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	turns	turn	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | each player | 3 turns |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent turn=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She turned 20 pages.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:turn:x2:1
# text = She turned 20 pages.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	turned	turn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	20	20	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	pages	page	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn** | past | She | 20 pages |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent page=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The wheel makes 10 turns a minute.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:turn:x3:1
# text = The wheel makes 10 turns a minute.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	wheel	wheel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	10	10	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	obj	_	_
5	turns	turn	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	minute	minute	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | the wheel | 10 |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset 10=Product |
| 2 | **turn** | present | the wheel *not said here* |  |  |  | minute |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Tom turned 9 last week.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:turn:x4:1
# text = Tom turned 9 last week.
1	Tom	Tom	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	turned	turn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	9	9	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
4	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	week	week	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn** | past | Tom |  |  |  | week |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A quarter turn is a right angle.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:turn:x5:1
# text = A quarter turn is a right angle.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	quarter	quarter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	turn	turn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	right	right	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	angle	angle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a quarter turn | a right angle |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Take turns on the swing.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:turn:x6:1
# text = Take turns on the swing.
1	Take	take	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	turns	turn	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	swing	swing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | imperative | you *not said here* | turns |  | the swing |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent turn=Theme on swing=Destination |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Turn left at the corner.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:turn:x7:1
# text = Turn left at the corner.
1	Turn	turn	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	left	left	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
3	at	at	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	corner	corner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  | the corner |  | left *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme at corner=Trajectory |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Please turn off the lights when you leave.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:turn:x8:1
# text = Please turn off the lights when you leave.
1	Please	please	INTJ	UH	_	2	discourse	_	_
2	turn	turn	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	off	off	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	lights	light	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
6	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	8	mark	_	_
7	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	leave	leave	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn off** | imperative | you *not said here* | the lights |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent light=Patient |
| 2 | **leave** | present | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In autumn the leaves turn orange.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:turn:x9:1
# text = In autumn the leaves turn orange.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	autumn	autumn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	turn	turn	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	orange	orange	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn** | present | the leaves |  |  |  | autumn | orange *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Let's turn it on," she said.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:turn:x10:1
# text = "Let's turn it on," she said.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Let	let	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	obj	_	_
4	turn	turn	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	obj	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	RP	_	4	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	_
9	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **let** *in a quote* | imperative | you *not said here* | 's |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **turn on** *in a quote* | infinitive | 's *not said here* | it |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | she |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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