---
title: turning — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «turning» in the school dictionary: A bend or corner where a road or path changes direction. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# turning

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**Who acts:** road, act, you · **What happens:** change, turn, have, take · **To what, where:** direction, something, many turnings, second turning, left

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«turning» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [turning in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/turning.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A bend or corner where a road or path changes direction.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:turning:m1:1
# text = A bend or corner where a road or path changes direction.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bend	bend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	corner	corner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
5	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	10	advmod	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	path	path	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
10	changes	change	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
11	direction	direction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **change** | present | a road or path | direction |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent direction=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The act of turning something round.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:turning:m2:1
# text = The act of turning something round.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	act	act	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
4	turning	turn	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	acl	_	_
5	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	obj	_	_
6	round	round	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn** | gerund | the act *not said here* | something |  |  |  | round *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent something=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The road had many turnings.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:turning:x1:1
# text = The road had many turnings.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	turnings	turning	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the road | many turnings |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent turning=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Take the second turning on the left.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:turning:x2:1
# text = Take the second turning on the left.
1	Take	take	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	second	second	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	4	amod	_	_
4	turning	turning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	left	left	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | imperative | you *not said here* | the second turning |  | the left |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent turning=Theme on left=Destination |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The path wound through turnings and bends.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:turning:x3:1
# text = The path wound through turnings and bends.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	path	path	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	wound	wound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	through	through	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	turnings	turning	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	bends	bend	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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