---
title: turnspit — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «turnspit» in the school dictionary: A servant, or a small dog, who turned a roasting spit over a kitchen fire. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# turnspit

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**Who acts:** servant, turnspit, cook · **What happens:** turn, roast, run, call, cover · **To what, where:** roasting spit, kitchen fire, turnspit, roast · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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«turnspit» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [turnspit in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/turnspit.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A servant, or a small dog, who turned a roasting spit over a kitchen fire.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:turnspit:m1:1
# text = A servant, or a small dog, who turned a roasting spit over a kitchen fire.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	servant	servant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
10	turned	turn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	roasting	roast	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	13	amod	_	_
13	spit	spit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
14	over	over	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	kitchen	kitchen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	compound	_	_
17	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn** | past | a servant or a small dog | a roasting spit |  | a kitchen fire |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent spit=Theme over fire=Trajectory |
| 2 | **roast** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The turnspit ran after the chariot.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:turnspit:x1:1
# text = The turnspit ran after the chariot.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	turnspit	turnspit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	ran	run	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	after	after	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	chariot	chariot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **run** | past | the turnspit |  |  |  | after the chariot |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cook called the turnspit to turn the roast.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:turnspit:x2:1
# text = The cook called the turnspit to turn the roast.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cook	cook	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	turnspit	turnspit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	turn	turn	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	acl	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	roast	roast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | participle | the cook *not said here* | the turnspit |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent turnspit=Recipient |
| 2 | **turn** | to-infinitive | the cook *not said here* | the roast |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent roast=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The turnspit was covered with mud.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:turnspit:x3:1
# text = The turnspit was covered with mud.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	turnspit	turnspit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	covered	cover	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	mud	mud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cover** | past · passive |  | the turnspit |  |  |  | with mud | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination with mud=Theme |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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