---
title: typhoid — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «typhoid» in the school dictionary: Typhoid is a serious illness caused by bacteria, caught from dirty water or food, which gives a high fever, stomach pain and weakness. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# typhoid

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Typhoid, dirty water, Aunt, Clean drinking water, Doctors, Washing · **What happens:** be, cause, catch, give, spread, travel · **To what, where:** serious illness, dirty water, high fever, typhoid vaccine, people, typhoid

<!-- .vabout -->
«typhoid» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [typhoid in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/typhoid.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Typhoid is a serious illness caused by bacteria, caught from dirty water or food, which gives a high fever, stomach pain and weakness.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:typhoid:m1:1
# text = Typhoid is a serious illness caused by bacteria, caught from dirty water or food, which gives a high fever, stomach pain and weakness.
1	Typhoid	typhoid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	serious	serious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	illness	illness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	caused	cause	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	bacteria	bacterium	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl:agent	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	caught	catch	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	conj	_	_
11	from	from	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	dirty	dirty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
17	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	18	nsubj	_	_
18	gives	give	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	acl:relcl	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
20	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	fever	fever	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
23	stomach	stomach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	compound	_	_
24	pain	pain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	appos	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
26	weakness	weakness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Typhoid | a serious illness |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **cause** | participle |  | a serious illness *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition |
| 3 | **catch** | participle | Typhoid *not said here* |  |  | dirty water or food |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent from water=Source |
| 4 | **give** | present | dirty water or food | a high fever |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fever=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Typhoid spreads through dirty water and food.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:typhoid:x1:1
# text = Typhoid spreads through dirty water and food.
1	Typhoid	typhoid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	nsubj	_	_
2	spreads	spread	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	through	through	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	dirty	dirty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spread** | present | Typhoid |  |  | dirty water and food |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through water=Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Before travelling, Aunt Jo had a typhoid vaccine.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:typhoid:x2:1
# text = Before travelling, Aunt Jo had a typhoid vaccine.
1	Before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	2	mark	_	_
2	travelling	travel	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	Aunt	Aunt	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
5	Jo	Jo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	flat	_	_
6	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	typhoid	typhoid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	vaccine	vaccine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **travel** | gerund | Aunt *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **have** | past | Aunt | a typhoid vaccine |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent vaccine=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Clean drinking water stopped typhoid in many cities.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:typhoid:x3:1
# text = Clean drinking water stopped typhoid in many cities.
1	Clean	clean	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
2	drinking	drinking	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	stopped	stop	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	typhoid	typhoid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	cities	city	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stop** | past | Clean drinking water |  |  |  |  | typhoid *property* | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Typhoid gives people a very high fever.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:typhoid:x4:1
# text = Typhoid gives people a very high fever.
1	Typhoid	typhoid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	nsubj	_	_
2	gives	give	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	iobj	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	very	very	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	fever	fever	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | present | Typhoid | a high fever | people |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent people=Recipient fever=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Doctors treat typhoid with antibiotics.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:typhoid:x5:1
# text = Doctors treat typhoid with antibiotics.
1	Doctors	doctor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	treat	treat	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	typhoid	typhoid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	antibiotics	antibiotic	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **treat** | present | Doctors | typhoid |  |  |  | with antibiotics | vn equip-13.4.2-1 «NP V NP-Fulfilling PP»: agent=Agent typhoid=Recipient with antibiotic=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Washing your hands helps stop typhoid spreading.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:typhoid:x6:1
# text = Washing your hands helps stop typhoid spreading.
1	Washing	wash	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	csubj	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	hands	hand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	helps	help	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	stop	stop	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
6	typhoid	typhoid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	spreading	spreading	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wash** | gerund |  | your hands |  |  |  |  | vn floss-41.2.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hand=Patient |
| 2 | **help** | present | Washing |  |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 3 | **stop** | infinitive | Washing *not said here* | typhoid spreading |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality spreading=Eventuality |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In Victorian times many children died of typhoid.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:typhoid:x7:1
# text = In Victorian times many children died of typhoid.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	Victorian	victorian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	times	time	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
4	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
6	died	die	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	typhoid	typhoid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **die** | past | many children |  |  |  | time | of typhoid | vn die-42.4-1 «NP V PP.cause»: agent=Patient of typhoid=Causer |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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