---
title: ulcer — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «ulcer» in the school dictionary: An ulcer is a sore place on the skin or inside the body where the surface has broken down; it is slow to heal and can hurt. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# ulcer

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** ulcer, it, mouth ulcer, I, orange juice, Mouth ulcers · **What happens:** be, break down, heal, hurt, have, sting · **To what, where:** sore place, skin, surface, small painful spot, mouth, mouth ulcer

<!-- .vabout -->
«ulcer» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [ulcer in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/ulcer.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An ulcer is a sore place on the skin or inside the body where the surface has broken down; it is slow to heal and can hurt.

<!-- fold The tree, 27 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ulcer:m1:1
# text = An ulcer is a sore place on the skin or inside the body where the surface has broken down; it is slow to heal and can hurt.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	ulcer	ulcer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	sore	sore	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
11	inside	inside	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
14	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	18	advmod	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	surface	surface	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj:pass	_	_
17	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
18	broken	break	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	acl:relcl	_	_
19	down	down	ADP	RP	_	18	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
21	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	nsubj	_	_
22	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	23	cop	_	_
23	slow	slow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	conj	_	_
24	to	to	PART	TO	_	25	mark	_	_
25	heal	heal	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	23	xcomp	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
27	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	28	aux	_	_
28	hurt	hurt	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	25	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a ulcer | a sore place |  | the skin or the body |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **break down** | present · perfect · passive |  | the surface |  |  |  |  | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 3 | **is** | present | it |  |  |  |  | slow *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **heal** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 5 | **hurt** | can |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A mouth ulcer is a small, painful white or yellow spot inside your mouth.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ulcer:m2:1
# text = A mouth ulcer is a small, painful white or yellow spot inside your mouth.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	mouth	mouth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	ulcer	ulcer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
6	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
8	painful	painful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
9	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	conj	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	yellow	yellow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	conj	_	_
12	spot	spot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
13	inside	inside	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	mouth	mouth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a mouth ulcer | a small painful spot |  | your mouth |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A stomach ulcer is a sore in the lining of the stomach.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ulcer:m3:1
# text = A stomach ulcer is a sore in the lining of the stomach.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	stomach	stomach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	ulcer	ulcer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	sore	sore	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	lining	lining	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	stomach	stomach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I have a mouth ulcer, so orange juice really stings.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ulcer:x1:1
# text = I have a mouth ulcer, so orange juice really stings.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	mouth	mouth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	ulcer	ulcer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
7	so	so	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
8	orange	orange	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	juice	juice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
10	really	really	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	stings	sting	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | I | a mouth ulcer |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ulcer=Patient |
| 2 | **sting** | present | orange juice |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP-PRO-ARB»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mouth ulcers usually heal on their own in a week or two.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ulcer:x2:1
# text = Mouth ulcers usually heal on their own in a week or two.
1	Mouth	mouth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	ulcers	ulcer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	usually	usually	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	heal	heal	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	obl	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	week	week	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **heal** | present | Mouth ulcers |  |  | ulcers's own | week | usually *property* | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandad's doctor treated his stomach ulcer with medicine.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ulcer:x3:1
# text = Grandad's doctor treated his stomach ulcer with medicine.
1	Grandad	Grandad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
3	doctor	doctor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	treated	treat	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
6	stomach	stomach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	ulcer	ulcer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	medicine	medicine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **treat** | past | Grandad's doctor | doctor's stomach ulcer |  |  |  | with medicine | vn equip-13.4.2-1 «NP V NP-Fulfilling PP»: agent=Agent ulcer=Recipient with medicine=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The nurse put a dressing on the ulcer on Gran's leg.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ulcer:x4:1
# text = The nurse put a dressing on the ulcer on Gran's leg.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	nurse	nurse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	put	put	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	dressing	dressing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	ulcer	ulcer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
9	on	on	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	Gran	Gran	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	's	's	PART	POS	_	10	case	_	_
12	leg	leg	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put** | past | the nurse | a dressing |  | the ulcer |  | on Gran's leg | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent dressing=Theme on ulcer=Destination |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Biting your cheek by accident can cause an ulcer.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ulcer:x5:1
# text = Biting your cheek by accident can cause an ulcer.
1	Biting	bite	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	csubj	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	cheek	cheek	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	accident	accident	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
6	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	cause	cause	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
8	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	ulcer	ulcer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bite** | gerund |  | your cheek |  |  |  | by accident | vn swat-18.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent cheek=Patient by accident=Location |
| 2 | **cause** | can | Biting | a ulcer |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition ulcer=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Salty crisps make my ulcer hurt.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ulcer:x6:1
# text = Salty crisps make my ulcer hurt.
1	Salty	salty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	crisps	crisp	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	make	make	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	ulcer	ulcer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	hurt	hurt	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | Salty crisps |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **hurt** | past | my ulcer |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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