---
title: ull — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «ull» in the school dictionary: «Ull» is not a word by itself. It is usually a piece of a longer word or a clipped spelling: «you'll» or «it'll» written carelessly, or the end of words such as «full», «dull», «skull», «hull». Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# ull

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Ull, Hull, people, late, I, words · **What happens:** not be, be, clip, write, drop, say · **To what, where:** word, piece, end, city, England, h · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«ull» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 4 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [ull in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/ull.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Ull» is not a word by itself. It is usually a piece of a longer word or a clipped spelling: «you'll» or «it'll» written carelessly, or the end of words such as «full», «dull», «skull», «hull».

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* «Ull» is not a word by itself.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ull:m1:1
# text = «Ull» is not a word by itself.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Ull	ull	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	7	advmod	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	itself	itself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Emp|Reflex=Yes	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **is a** | present | Ull | a word |  |  |  | by Ull | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* It is usually a piece of a longer word or a clipped spelling: «you'll» or «it'll» written carelessly, or the end of words such as «full», «dull», «skull», «hull».

<!-- fold The tree, 31 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ull:m1:2
# text = It is usually a piece of a longer word or a clipped spelling: «you'll» or «it'll» written carelessly, or the end of words such as «full», «dull», «skull», «hull».
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	usually	usually	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	piece	piece	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	parataxis	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	longer	long	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	9	amod	_	_
9	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	clipped	clip	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	amod	_	_
13	spelling	spelling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	5	punct	_	_
15	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	'll	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	24	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	17	punct	_	_
19	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
20	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	24	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	'll	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	24	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	22	punct	_	_
24	written	write	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
25	carelessly	carelessly	ADV	RB	_	24	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
27	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	_
30	of	of	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
31	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	nmod	_	_
32	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	31	amod	_	_
33	as	as	ADP	IN	_	32	fixed	_	_
34	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	35	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	32	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	35	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	39	punct	_	_
38	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	39	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	dull	dull	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	32	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	39	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	43	punct	_	_
42	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	43	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
43	skull	skull	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
44	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	43	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
45	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	47	punct	_	_
46	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	47	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
47	hull	hull	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
48	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	29	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
49	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	24	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Ull | a piece |  |  |  | of a longer word or a clipped spelling; usually *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **clip** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn cut-21.1-1 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **write** | future |  | the end of words and hull |  |  |  | carelessly *property* | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hull (with H and a capital) is a city in England; in some local accents people drop the h and say «'Ull».

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ull:m2:1
# text = Hull (with H and a capital) is a city in England; in some local accents people drop the h and say «'Ull».
1	Hull	hull	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
2	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	with	with	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	H	H	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	appos	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	capital	capital	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	4	punct	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	England	England	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
16	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	18	det	_	_
17	local	local	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	accents	accent	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	obl	_	_
19	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	nsubj	_	_
20	drop	drop	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	parataxis	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	h	H	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obj	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
24	say	say	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	conj	_	_
25	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	27	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	27	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	Ull	Ull	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	27	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Hull | a city |  | England |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **drop** | present | people | the h |  | some local accents |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent h=Theme in accent=Destination |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | infinitive | people *not said here* | Ull |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent ull=Topic |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Ull be late,» he mumbled, meaning «I'll be late».

<!-- fold The tree, 10 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ull:x1:1
# text = «Ull be late,» he mumbled, meaning «I'll be late».
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Ull	ull	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	cop	_	_
4	late	late	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
7	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	mumbled	mumble	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	meaning	mean	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	advcl	_	_
11	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	'll	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	_
14	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	cop	_	_
15	late	late	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** *in a quote* | infinitive | Ull |  |  |  |  | late *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **mumble** *speech: other* | past | late |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **mean** | gerund | late *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **is** *in a quote* | future | I |  |  |  |  | late *property* | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The words full, dull and skull all end in «ull».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ull:x2:1
# text = The words full, dull and skull all end in «ull».
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
3	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	dull	dull	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	skull	skull	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
8	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	3	conj	_	_
9	end	end	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	ull	ull	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **end** | present | the words |  |  | ull |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He's from 'Ull, he said, meaning the city of Hull.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ull:x3:1
# text = He's from 'Ull, he said, meaning the city of Hull.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	'	's	PART	POS	_	3	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	Ull	Ull	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	meaning	mean	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	advcl	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	Hull	Hull	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | He |  |  | Ull |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Ull |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **mean** | gerund | Ull *not said here* | the city of Hull |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent city=Topic |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
If you see «ull» alone, check whether a letter is missing.

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ull:x4:1
# text = If you see «ull» alone, check whether a letter is missing.
1	If	if	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
2	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	see	see	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	advcl	_	_
4	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	ull	ull	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
7	alone	alone	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
9	check	check	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	whether	whether	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	letter	letter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
13	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
14	missing	missing	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | you | ull |  |  |  | alone *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer ull=Stimulus |
| 2 | **check** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is** | present | a letter |  |  |  |  | missing *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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