---
title: unaided — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «unaided» in the school dictionary: Unaided means without help from anyone or anything. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# unaided

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Unaided, she, baby sister, He, Grandpa, Germs · **What happens:** mean, climb, walk, solve, see, learn · **To what, where:** tree, hard puzzle, Venus, test, her, frail little craft

<!-- .vabout -->
«unaided» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [unaided in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/unaided.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Unaided means without help from anyone or anything.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:unaided:m1:1
# text = Unaided means without help from anyone or anything.
1	Unaided	unaided	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	without	without	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	help	help	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	anyone	anyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	nmod	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	anything	anything	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Unaided |  |  |  |  | without help from anyone | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"she climbed the tree unaided".

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:unaided:m1e:1
# text = "she climbed the tree unaided".
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	climbed	climb	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	unaided	unaided	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **climb** *in a quote* | past | she | the tree |  |  |  | unaided *property* | vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial\_Location tree=Theme |

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
With the unaided eye means without a telescope or microscope.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:unaided:m2:1
# text = With the unaided eye means without a telescope or microscope.
1	With	with	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	unaided	unaided	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	eye	eye	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
5	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	without	without	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	telescope	telescope	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	microscope	microscope	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  | with the unaided eye; without a telescope or microscope | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My baby sister can now walk unaided.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:unaided:x1:1
# text = My baby sister can now walk unaided.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	baby	baby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	sister	sister	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
5	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	6	advmod	_	_
6	walk	walk	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	unaided	unaided	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **walk** | can | My baby sister |  |  |  | now | unaided *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He solved the hard puzzle unaided.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:unaided:x2:1
# text = He solved the hard puzzle unaided.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	solved	solve	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	puzzle	puzzle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	unaided	unaided	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **solve** | past | He | the hard puzzle |  |  |  | unaided *property* | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent puzzle=Topic |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Venus can be seen with the unaided eye.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:unaided:x3:1
# text = Venus can be seen with the unaided eye.
1	Venus	Venus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	seen	see	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	unaided	unaided	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	eye	eye	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | can · passive |  | Venus |  |  |  | with the unaided eye | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Stimulus |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
After the accident, Grandpa learned to walk unaided again.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:unaided:x4:1
# text = After the accident, Grandpa learned to walk unaided again.
1	After	after	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	accident	accident	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	Grandpa	Grandpa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	learned	learn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	walk	walk	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	_
9	unaided	unaid	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	xcomp	_	_
10	again	again	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **learn** | past | Grandpa |  |  |  | after the accident |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **walk** | to-infinitive | Grandpa *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **unaid** | participle | Grandpa *not said here* |  |  |  | again |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She finished the test unaided.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:unaided:x5:1
# text = She finished the test unaided.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	finished	finish	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	test	test	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	unaided	unaided	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **finish** | past | She | the test |  |  |  | unaided *property* | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Affector test=Eventuality |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Germs are too small to see with the unaided eye.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:unaided:x6:1
# text = Germs are too small to see with the unaided eye.
1	Germs	germ	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	too	too	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	advcl	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	unaided	unaided	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	eye	eye	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Germs |  |  |  |  | small *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **see** | to-infinitive | Germs *not said here* |  |  |  |  | with the unaided eye | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Odysseus now bade her farewell, and alone and unaided embarked on the frail little craft for his native land.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:unaided:x7:1
# text = Odysseus now bade her farewell, and alone and unaided embarked on the frail little craft for his native land.
1	Odysseus	Odysseus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	_
3	bade	bade	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	farewell	farewell	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	alone	alone	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	unaided	unaid	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux:pass	_	_
11	embarked	embark	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	_
12	on	on	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
14	frail	frail	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
15	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	craft	craft	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
17	for	for	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
18	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	20	nmod:poss	_	_
19	native	native	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bade** | past | Odysseus | her *= she* |  |  | now | alone, farewell *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **embark** | past · passive | Odysseus *not said here* |  |  | the frail little craft for Odysseus's native land |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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