---
title: unauthorised — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «unauthorised» in the school dictionary: Unauthorised means done or used without permission from the person or group in charge. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# unauthorised

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Unauthorised, unauthorised person, sign, Missing school, Unauthorised access, someone · **What happens:** mean, do, use, be, not allow, say · **To what, where:** someone, something, unauthorised persons, unauthorised absence, unauthorised visitor, gate · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«unauthorised» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [unauthorised in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/unauthorised.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Unauthorised means done or used without permission from the person or group in charge.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:unauthorised:m1:1
# text = Unauthorised means done or used without permission from the person or group in charge.
1	Unauthorised	Unauthorised	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	done	do	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	xcomp	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	_
6	without	without	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	permission	permission	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
8	from	from	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	group	group	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	charge	charge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Unauthorised |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **do** *not said to happen* | participle | Unauthorised *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **use** | participle | Unauthorised *not said here* |  |  |  |  | without permission from the person in charge or group | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An unauthorised person is someone who is not allowed to be somewhere or to do something.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:unauthorised:m2:1
# text = An unauthorised person is someone who is not allowed to be somewhere or to do something.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	unauthorised	unauthorised	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	0	root	_	_
6	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux:pass	_	_
8	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
9	allowed	allow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl:relcl	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
11	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	cop	_	_
12	somewhere	somewhere	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	9	advcl	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
14	to	to	PART	TO	_	15	mark	_	_
15	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	conj	_	_
16	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	15	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a unauthorised person | someone |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **allow** | present · passive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn allow-64.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Beneficiary |
| 3 | **is** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | somewhere *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **do** | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The sign said «No unauthorised persons beyond this point.»

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:unauthorised:x1:1
# text = The sign said «No unauthorised persons beyond this point.»
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sign	sign	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	No	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	7	det	_	_
6	unauthorised	unauthorised	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	persons	person	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
8	beyond	beyond	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	10	det	_	_
10	point	point	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the sign | no unauthorised persons |  |  |  | beyond this point | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent person=Topic |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Missing school for a holiday is an unauthorised absence.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:unauthorised:x2:1
# text = Missing school for a holiday is an unauthorised absence.
1	Missing	missing	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
3	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	holiday	holiday	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
7	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	unauthorised	unauthorised	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	absence	absence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Missing school for a holiday | a unauthorised absence |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Unauthorised access to someone's account is against the law.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:unauthorised:x3:1
# text = Unauthorised access to someone's account is against the law.
1	Unauthorised	unauthorised	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	access	access	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	6	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	's	's	PART	POS	_	4	case	_	_
6	account	account	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
8	against	against	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	law	law	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Unauthorised access to someone's account |  |  |  |  | against the law | tree rules |
| 2 | **account** |  | someone |  |  |  |  |  | nom account «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The guard stopped an unauthorised visitor at the gate.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:unauthorised:x4:1
# text = The guard stopped an unauthorised visitor at the gate.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	guard	guard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	stopped	stop	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	unauthorised	unauthorised	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	visitor	visitor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	gate	gate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stop** | past | the guard | a unauthorised visitor |  | the gate |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality visitor=Eventuality |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Unauthorised parking will be fined.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:unauthorised:x5:1
# text = Unauthorised parking will be fined.
1	Unauthorised	unauthorised	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	parking	parking	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	fined	fine	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fine** | future · passive |  | Unauthorised parking |  |  |  |  | vn bill-54.5-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The app sent a warning about an unauthorised login.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:unauthorised:x6:1
# text = The app sent a warning about an unauthorised login.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	app	app	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sent	send	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	warning	warning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	about	about	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	unauthorised	unauthorised	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	login	login	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **send** | past | the app | a warning |  |  |  | about a unauthorised login | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent warning=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Using photos from the internet without permission can be unauthorised use.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:unauthorised:x7:1
# text = Using photos from the internet without permission can be unauthorised use.
1	Using	use	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	11	csubj	_	_
2	photos	photo	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
3	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	internet	internet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
6	without	without	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	permission	permission	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
8	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
9	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	cop	_	_
10	unauthorised	unauthorised	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	use	use	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | gerund |  | photos |  | the internet |  | without permission | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent photo=Patient |
| 2 | **is a** | can | Using | unauthorised use |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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