---
title: unbelieving — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «unbelieving» in the school dictionary: Unbelieving means not believing; refusing to accept what other people say is true. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/U/unbelieving/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/) / [U](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/U/) / unbelieving

# unbelieving

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** other people, refusing, old man, you, voice · **What happens:** unbeliev, mean, not believe, refuse, not accept, say · **To what, where:** unbelieving shake, voice · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«unbelieving» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 2 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [unbelieving in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/unbelieving.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Unbelieving means not believing; refusing to accept what other people say is true.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:unbelieving:m1:1
# text = Unbelieving means not believing; refusing to accept what other people say is true.
1	Unbelieving	unbeliev	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	believing	believe	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
6	refusing	refuse	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	14	csubj	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	accept	accept	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	_
9	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	12	obj	_	_
10	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nsubj	_	_
12	say	say	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	ccomp	_	_
13	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
14	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **unbeliev** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **not** **believe** *not said to happen* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer |
| 4 | **refuse** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn reject-77.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 5 | **not** **accept** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn accept-77.1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 6 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | other people |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent what=Topic |
| 7 | **is** | present | refusing |  |  |  |  | true *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The old man gave an unbelieving shake of his head.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:unbelieving:x1:1
# text = The old man gave an unbelieving shake of his head.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	unbelieving	unbelieving	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	shake	shake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | the old man | a unbelieving shake of man's head |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shake=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Do you believe me now?" asked the voice to the unbelieving fisherman.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:unbelieving:x2:1
# text = "Do you believe me now?" asked the voice to the unbelieving fisherman.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	believe	believe	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	ccomp	_	_
5	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	iobj	_	_
6	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
9	asked	ask	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
12	to	to	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	unbelieving	unbeliev	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	15	amod	_	_
15	fisherman	fisherman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **believe** *in a quote* | present · do-support | you |  | the voice *= voice* |  | now |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer i=Stimulus |
| 2 | **ask** *speech: ask* | past | the voice |  |  |  |  | to the unbelieving fisherman | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **unbeliev** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [unbelievable](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/U/unbelievable/)
- next →: [unbelted](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/U/unbelted/)
- ↑ back to [U in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/U/)