---
title: undercoat — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «undercoat» in the school dictionary: An undercoat is a first layer of paint put on before the top layer, to help the top coat stick and look smooth. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# undercoat

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** undercoat, Dad, white undercoat, bright colour, you, Huskies · **What happens:** be, put on, help, look, undercoat, paint · **To what, where:** first layer, paint, top layer, top coat stick, soft thick layer, something

<!-- .vabout -->
«undercoat» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [undercoat in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/undercoat.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An undercoat is a first layer of paint put on before the top layer, to help the top coat stick and look smooth.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:undercoat:m1:1
# text = An undercoat is a first layer of paint put on before the top layer, to help the top coat stick and look smooth.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	undercoat	undercoat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	6	amod	_	_
6	layer	layer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	paint	paint	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
9	put	put	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	acl	_	_
10	on	on	ADP	RP	_	9	compound:prt	_	_
11	before	before	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	top	top	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	layer	layer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	to	to	PART	TO	_	17	mark	_	_
17	help	help	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
19	top	top	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
20	coat	coat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	compound	_	_
21	stick	stick	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
23	look	look	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	17	conj	_	_
24	smooth	smooth	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a undercoat | a first layer |  |  |  | of paint | tree rules |
| 2 | **put on** | participle |  | paint *not said here* |  | the top layer |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent before layer=Destination |
| 3 | **help** | to-infinitive |  | the top coat stick |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stick=Beneficiary |
| 4 | **look** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | smooth *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An undercoat is the soft, thick layer of fur close to an animal's skin, under the longer outer hairs.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:undercoat:m2:1
# text = An undercoat is the soft, thick layer of fur close to an animal's skin, under the longer outer hairs.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	undercoat	undercoat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
5	soft	soft	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	thick	thick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	layer	layer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	fur	fur	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
11	close	close	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
12	to	to	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
13	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	's	's	PART	POS	_	14	case	_	_
16	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
18	under	under	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
20	longer	long	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	21	advmod	_	_
21	outer	outer	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	hairs	hair	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a undercoat | the soft thick layer and the outer hairs |  |  |  | of fur | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: verb, rare — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To undercoat something is to give it a first layer of paint.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:undercoat:m3:1
# text = To undercoat something is to give it a first layer of paint.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	undercoat	undercoat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	csubj	_	_
3	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	give	give	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	10	amod	_	_
10	layer	layer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	paint	paint	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **undercoat** | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | give *property* | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dad painted an undercoat on the fence before the green paint.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:undercoat:x1:1
# text = Dad painted an undercoat on the fence before the green paint.
1	Dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	painted	paint	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	undercoat	undercoat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	fence	fence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
8	before	before	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	green	green	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	paint	paint	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **paint** | past | Dad | a undercoat |  | the fence | before the green paint |  | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.theme PP.destination»: agent=Agent undercoat=Theme on fence=Destination |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The white undercoat helps the bright colour show up.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:undercoat:x2:1
# text = The white undercoat helps the bright colour show up.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	undercoat	undercoat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	helps	help	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	bright	bright	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	colour	colour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
8	show	show	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	xcomp	_	_
9	up	up	ADP	RP	_	8	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | the white undercoat | the bright colour |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent colour=Beneficiary clause=Theme |
| 2 | **show up** | present | the bright colour *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Leave the undercoat to dry overnight.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:undercoat:x3:1
# text = Leave the undercoat to dry overnight.
1	Leave	leave	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	undercoat	undercoat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	dry	dry	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
6	overnight	overnight	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leave** | imperative | you *not said here* | the undercoat |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent undercoat=Theme |
| 2 | **dry** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | overnight *property* | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Huskies have a thick undercoat that keeps them warm in the snow.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:undercoat:x4:1
# text = Huskies have a thick undercoat that keeps them warm in the snow.
1	Huskies	husky	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	thick	thick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	undercoat	undercoat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	keeps	keep	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	_
9	warm	warm	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	xcomp	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	snow	snow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Huskies | a thick undercoat |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent undercoat=Patient |
| 2 | **keep** | present | a thick undercoat | Huskies *= husky* |  | the snow |  | warm *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent they=Theme in snow=Location |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our dog sheds its undercoat in spring.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:undercoat:x5:1
# text = Our dog sheds its undercoat in spring.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sheds	shed	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	undercoat	undercoat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	spring	spring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shed** | present | Our dog | dog's undercoat |  |  | spring |  | vn substance\_emission-43.4-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location undercoat=Source |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Brush the cat often to remove the loose undercoat.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:undercoat:x6:1
# text = Brush the cat often to remove the loose undercoat.
1	Brush	brush	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	often	often	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	remove	remove	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	loose	loose	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	undercoat	undercoat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **brush** | imperative | you *not said here* |  | the cat |  |  | often *property* | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent cat=Destination |
| 2 | **remove** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | the loose undercoat |  |  |  |  | vn fire-10.10 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent undercoat=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Arctic foxes grow a dense undercoat in winter.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:undercoat:x7:1
# text = Arctic foxes grow a dense undercoat in winter.
1	Arctic	arctic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	foxes	fox	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	grow	grow	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	dense	dense	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	undercoat	undercoat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | present | Arctic foxes | a dense undercoat |  |  | winter |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location undercoat=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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