---
title: undergo — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «undergo» in the school dictionary: To undergo something is to go through or experience it, especially something unpleasant or difficult, such as an operation, a test or a change. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/U/undergo/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/) / [U](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/U/) / undergo

# undergo

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Grandad, caterpillar, Water, state, players, They · **What happens:** undergo, be, experience, become, freeze, change · **To what, where:** something, it, operation, knee, big change, butterfly

<!-- .vabout -->
«undergo» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [undergo in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/undergo.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To undergo something is to go through or experience it, especially something unpleasant or difficult, such as an operation, a test or a change.

<!-- fold The tree, 24 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:undergo:m1:1
# text = To undergo something is to go through or experience it, especially something unpleasant or difficult, such as an operation, a test or a change.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	undergo	undergo	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
3	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	go	go	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	through	through	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	experience	experience	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
13	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	9	obj	_	_
14	unpleasant	unpleasant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	difficult	difficult	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
18	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	21	case	_	_
19	as	as	ADP	IN	_	18	fixed	_	_
20	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	operation	operation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
23	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	test	test	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	conj	_	_
25	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
26	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	change	change	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **undergo** | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | go, through *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **experience** | infinitive |  | it |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandad will undergo an operation on his knee.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:undergo:x1:1
# text = Grandad will undergo an operation on his knee.
1	Grandad	Grandad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	undergo	undergo	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	operation	operation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	knee	knee	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **undergo** | future | Grandad | a operation |  | Grandad's knee |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A caterpillar undergoes a big change to become a butterfly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:undergo:x2:1
# text = A caterpillar undergoes a big change to become a butterfly.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	caterpillar	caterpillar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	undergoes	undergo	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	change	change	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	become	become	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	butterfly	butterfly	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **undergo** | present | a caterpillar | a big change |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **become** | to-infinitive | a caterpillar *not said here* | a butterfly |  |  |  |  | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The new car underwent many safety tests.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:undergo:x3:1
# text = The new car underwent many safety tests.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	underwent	underwent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
5	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	safety	safety	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	tests	test	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Water undergoes a change of state when it freezes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:undergo:x4:1
# text = Water undergoes a change of state when it freezes.
1	Water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	undergoes	undergo	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	change	change	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	state	state	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	9	mark	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	freezes	freeze	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **undergo** | present | Water | a change of state |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **freeze** | present | Water |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **change** |  | state |  |  |  |  |  | nom change «event intransitive»: of=agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The town has undergone a lot of changes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:undergo:x5:1
# text = The town has undergone a lot of changes.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	undergone	undergo	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	lot	lot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	changes	change	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **undergo** | present · perfect · passive |  | the town |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
All players must undergo a medical check.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:undergo:x6:1
# text = All players must undergo a medical check.
1	All	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	players	player	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	undergo	undergo	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	medical	medical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	check	check	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **undergo** | must | all players | a medical check |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They threw themselves at her feet to beg pardon for all the ill-treatment they had made her undergo.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:undergo:x7:1
# text = They threw themselves at her feet to beg pardon for all the ill-treatment they had made her undergo.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	threw	throw	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	themselves	themselves	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	2	obj	_	_
4	at	at	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	feet	foot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	beg	beg	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
9	pardon	pardon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
10	for	for	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
11	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	15	det:predet	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
13	ill	ill	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	treatment	treatment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
16	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
17	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
18	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	15	acl:relcl	_	_
19	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	obj	_	_
20	undergo	undergo	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	18	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **throw** | past | They | themselves *= they* |  | her feet |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent themselves=Theme at foot=Destination |
| 2 | **beg** *speech: request* | to-infinitive | They *not said here* | pardon |  |  |  | for all ill treatment | vn beg-58.2-1-1 «NP V NP PP.Topic»: agent=Agent pardon=Recipient for treatment=Topic |
| 3 | **make** | past · perfect | feet *= foot* | her *= she* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **undergo** | infinitive | her *= she* *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [underfur](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/U/underfur/)
- next →: [underground](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/U/underground/)
- ↑ back to [U in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/U/)