---
title: underground — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «underground» in the school dictionary: Underground means below the surface of the ground. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# underground

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** underground, railway, Moles, Carrots, We, you · **What happens:** mean, be, run, call, describe, hide · **To what, where:** surface, railway, tunnels, Tube, London, something · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«underground» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [underground in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/underground.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Underground means below the surface of the ground.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:underground:m1:1
# text = Underground means below the surface of the ground.
1	Underground	underground	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	below	below	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	surface	surface	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present |  |  |  | the surface of the ground |  | underground *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The underground is a railway that runs in tunnels under a city (in London called the Tube; in the USA the subway).

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:underground:m2:1
# text = The underground is a railway that runs in tunnels under a city (in London called the Tube; in the USA the subway).
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	underground	underground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	railway	railway	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	runs	run	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	tunnels	tunnel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
10	under	under	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
13	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	London	London	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
16	called	call	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	Tube	Tube	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	5	punct	_	_
20	in	in	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	USA	USA	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	subway	subway	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	24	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the underground | a railway |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **run** | present | a railway |  |  | tunnels |  | under a city | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in tunnel=Trajectory |
| 3 | **call** | past | a railway *not said here* |  | the Tube | London |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent tube=Recipient |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Underground can describe something secret or hidden from the authorities.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:underground:m3:1
# text = Underground can describe something secret or hidden from the authorities.
1	Underground	underground	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	describe	describe	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	3	obj	_	_
5	secret	secret	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	hidden	hide	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	conj	_	_
8	from	from	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	authorities	authority	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **describe** | can |  | something |  |  |  | underground *property* | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent something=Theme |
| 2 | **hide** | participle |  |  |  | the authorities |  |  | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent from authority=Beneficiary |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Moles live underground.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:underground:x1:1
# text = Moles live underground.
1	Moles	mole	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	live	live	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	underground	underground	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | present | Moles |  |  |  |  | underground *property* | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Carrots grow underground.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:underground:x2:1
# text = Carrots grow underground.
1	Carrots	carrot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	grow	grow	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	underground	underground	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | present | Carrots |  |  |  |  | underground *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We took the underground to the museum.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:underground:x3:1
# text = We took the underground to the museum.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	underground	underground	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	obj	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	museum	museum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | past | We | the underground |  | the museum |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent underground=Theme to museum=Destination |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mind the gap on the underground platform.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:underground:x4:1
# text = Mind the gap on the underground platform.
1	Mind	mind	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	gap	gap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	underground	underground	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	platform	platform	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mind** | imperative | you *not said here* | the gap |  | the underground platform |  |  | vn caring-75.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gap=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rabbits dig underground tunnels called burrows.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:underground:x5:1
# text = Rabbits dig underground tunnels called burrows.
1	Rabbits	rabbit	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	dig	dig	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	underground	underground	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	tunnels	tunnel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
6	burrows	burrow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dig** | present | Rabbits | underground tunnels |  |  |  |  | vn poke-19-1-1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent tunnel=Theme |
| 2 | **call** | participle | underground tunnels *not said here* | burrows |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Water flows underground in some caves.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:underground:x6:1
# text = Water flows underground in some caves.
1	Water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	flows	flow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	underground	underground	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	6	det	_	_
6	caves	cave	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **flow** | present | Water |  |  | some caves |  | underground *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in cave=Location |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Miners work deep underground.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:underground:x7:1
# text = Miners work deep underground.
1	Miners	miner	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	work	work	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	deep	deep	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	underground	underground	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **work** | present | Miners |  |  |  |  | underground *property* | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
During the war people sheltered in underground stations.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:underground:x8:1
# text = During the war people sheltered in underground stations.
1	During	during	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
4	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	sheltered	shelter	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	underground	underground	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	stations	station	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shelter** | past | people |  |  | underground stations | during the war |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in station=Location |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"They are playing at work underground, like moles," said she.

<!-- fold The tree, 10 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:underground:x9:1
# text = "They are playing at work underground, like moles," said she.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	playing	play	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	13	ccomp	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	underground	underground	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	like	like	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	moles	mole	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
13	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
14	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **play** *in a quote* | present · progressive | They |  |  | work |  | like moles; underground *property* | vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | she |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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