---
title: underneath — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «underneath» in the school dictionary: Directly below or under something, often covered or hidden by it. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# underneath

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** someone, he, cat, you, your, layer · **What happens:** cover, hide, hide behind, seem, be, write · **To what, where:** outside, bed, name, ice, box, thin gills

<!-- .vabout -->
«underneath» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [underneath in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/underneath.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Directly below or under something, often covered or hidden by it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:underneath:m1:1
# text = Directly below or under something, often covered or hidden by it.
1	Directly	directly	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	below	below	ADV	RB	_	0	root	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
4	under	under	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	often	often	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	covered	cover	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl:relcl	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	hidden	hide	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	conj	_	_
11	by	by	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cover** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | often *property* | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **hide** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | by it | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent by it=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
On the lower side or bottom surface of something.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:underneath:m2:1
# text = On the lower side or bottom surface of something.
1	On	on	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	lower	low	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	4	amod	_	_
4	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	bottom	bottom	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	surface	surface	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hidden behind how someone or something seems on the outside (underneath it all, he was kind).

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:underneath:m3:1
# text = Hidden behind how someone or something seems on the outside (underneath it all, he was kind).
1	Hidden	hide	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	mark	_	_
2	behind	behind	ADP	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
3	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	7	advmod	_	_
4	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	7	nsubj	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	conj	_	_
7	seems	seem	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	advcl	_	_
8	on	on	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	outside	outside	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
11	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	underneath	underneath	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nmod	_	_
14	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	13	det	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
16	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
17	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	cop	_	_
18	kind	kind	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	18	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hide behind** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **seem** | present | someone |  |  | the outside underneath outside |  |  | vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **is** | past | he |  |  |  |  | kind *property* | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cat is hiding underneath the bed.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:underneath:x1:1
# text = The cat is hiding underneath the bed.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	hiding	hide	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	underneath	underneath	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	bed	bed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hide** | present · progressive | the cat |  |  | the bed |  |  | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent underneath bed=Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Write your name underneath the title.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:underneath:x2:1
# text = Write your name underneath the title.
1	Write	write	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	underneath	underneath	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	title	title	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | imperative | you *not said here* | your name |  |  |  | underneath the title | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent name=Theme |
| 2 | **name** |  | your |  |  |  |  |  | nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There is a layer of hard rock underneath the soil.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:underneath:x3:1
# text = There is a layer of hard rock underneath the soil.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	is	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	layer	layer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	underneath	underneath	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	soil	soil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | present | a layer of hard rock underneath the soil |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Fish swim underneath the ice in winter.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:underneath:x4:1
# text = Fish swim underneath the ice in winter.
1	Fish	fish	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	swim	swim	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	underneath	underneath	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **swim** | present | Fish |  |  | the ice | winter |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme underneath ice=Trajectory |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Look underneath the box for the price sticker.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:underneath:x5:1
# text = Look underneath the box for the price sticker.
1	Look	look	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	underneath	underneath	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	box	box	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	price	price	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	sticker	sticker	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  | the box |  | for the price sticker | vn rummage-35.5 «NP V PP.location PP.theme»: agent=Agent underneath box=Location for sticker=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The underneath of the mushroom has thin gills.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:underneath:x6:1
# text = The underneath of the mushroom has thin gills.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	underneath	underneath	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	mushroom	mushroom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	thin	thin	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	gills	gill	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the underneath of the mushroom | thin gills |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gill=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Underneath his grumpy face, Grandpa was very kind.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:underneath:x7:1
# text = Underneath his grumpy face, Grandpa was very kind.
1	Underneath	underneath	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
3	grumpy	grumpy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	face	face	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	Grandpa	Grandpa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	very	very	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	kind	kind	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | Grandpa |  |  |  |  | underneath his grumpy face; kind *property* | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Never play underneath a parked car.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:underneath:x8:1
# text = Never play underneath a parked car.
1	Never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	2	advmod	_	_
2	play	play	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	underneath	underneath	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	parked	park	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	amod	_	_
6	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **play** | imperative | you *not said here* | a parked car |  |  |  | underneath *property* | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent car=Theme |
| 2 | **park** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn put-9.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Then he hid himself underneath, and began to snore loudly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:underneath:x9:1
# text = Then he hid himself underneath, and began to snore loudly.
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	hid	hide	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	3	obj	_	_
5	underneath	underneath	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	snore	snore	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	xcomp	_	_
11	loudly	loudly	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hide** | past | he | himself *= he* |  |  | then | underneath *property* | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent himself=Patient |
| 2 | **begin** | past | he *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 3 | **snore** | to-infinitive | he *not said here* |  |  |  |  | loudly *property* | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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