---
title: underside — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «underside» in the school dictionary: The underside is the bottom side or surface of something, the part facing down. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# underside

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** underside, part, you, Woodlice, Ladybirds, price · **What happens:** be, face down, turn over, look, live, have · **To what, where:** bottom side, leaf, underside, gills, eggs, tiny tube feet

<!-- .vabout -->
«underside» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [underside in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/underside.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The underside is the bottom side or surface of something, the part facing down.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:underside:m1:1
# text = The underside is the bottom side or surface of something, the part facing down.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	underside	underside	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	bottom	bottom	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	surface	surface	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	appos	_	_
14	facing	face	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	13	acl	_	_
15	down	down	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the underside | the bottom side or surface of something |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **face down** | gerund | the part *not said here* |  |  |  |  | down *property* | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Turn the leaf over to look at its underside.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:underside:x1:1
# text = Turn the leaf over to look at its underside.
1	Turn	turn	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	leaf	leaf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	over	over	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	look	look	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
7	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	underside	underside	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn over** | imperative | you *not said here* | the leaf |  |  |  | over *property* | vn contribute-13.2 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent leaf=Theme |
| 2 | **look** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | at leaf's underside | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at underside=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Woodlice live on the underside of logs.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:underside:x2:1
# text = Woodlice live on the underside of logs.
1	Woodlice	woodlice	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	live	live	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	underside	underside	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	logs	log	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | present | Woodlice |  |  | the underside of logs |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on underside=Location |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The underside of the mushroom has gills.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:underside:x3:1
# text = The underside of the mushroom has gills.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	underside	underside	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	mushroom	mushroom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	gills	gill	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the underside of the mushroom | gills |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gill=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ladybirds lay eggs on the underside of leaves.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:underside:x4:1
# text = Ladybirds lay eggs on the underside of leaves.
1	Ladybirds	ladybird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	lay	lay	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	eggs	egg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	underside	underside	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lay** | present | Ladybirds | eggs |  | the underside of leaves |  |  | vn put\_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent egg=Theme on underside=Destination |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The price was on the underside of the box.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:underside:x5:1
# text = The price was on the underside of the box.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	price	price	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	underside	underside	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	box	box	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the price |  |  | the underside |  | of the box | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The boat's underside was covered in barnacles.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:underside:x6:1
# text = The boat's underside was covered in barnacles.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	boat	boat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	underside	underside	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	covered	cover	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	barnacles	barnacle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cover** | past · passive |  | the boat's underside |  |  |  | in barnacles | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination in barnacle=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A starfish's underside has tiny tube feet.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:underside:x7:1
# text = A starfish's underside has tiny tube feet.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	starfish	starfish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	underside	underside	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	tiny	tiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
7	tube	tube	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	feet	foot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | a starfish's underside | tiny tube feet |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent foot=Patient |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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