---
title: unkind — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «unkind» in the school dictionary: Unkind means not kind; saying or doing things that hurt or upset other people. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# unkind

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Unkind, things, It, his, you, She · **What happens:** mean, say, do, hurt, be, laugh · **To what, where:** things, drawing, unkind things, tail, you, someone · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«unkind» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [unkind in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/unkind.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Unkind means not kind; saying or doing things that hurt or upset other people.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:unkind:m1:1
# text = Unkind means not kind; saying or doing things that hurt or upset other people.
1	Unkind	unkind	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	kind	kind	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	6	punct	_	_
6	saying	say	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	doing	do	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	conj	_	_
9	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	_
10	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
11	hurt	hurt	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	acl:relcl	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
13	upset	upset	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
14	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Unkind |  |  |  |  | kind *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | Unkind *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **do** | gerund | Unkind *not said here* | things |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Eventuality |
| 4 | **hurt** | present | things |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It was unkind to laugh at his drawing.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:unkind:x1:1
# text = It was unkind to laugh at his drawing.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	unkind	unkind	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	laugh	laugh	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	drawing	drawing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | It |  |  |  |  | unkind *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **laugh** | to-infinitive |  |  |  | his drawing |  |  | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **draw** |  | his *= he* |  |  |  |  |  | nom drawing «communication intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Don't say unkind things about people.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:unkind:x2:1
# text = Don't say unkind things about people.
1	Do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	say	say	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	unkind	unkind	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	about	about	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **say** *speech: assert* | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* | unkind things |  |  |  | about people | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent thing=Topic |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She was unkind to the new girl.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:unkind:x3:1
# text = She was unkind to the new girl.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	unkind	unkind	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	girl	girl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | She |  |  |  |  | to the new girl; unkind *property* | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It's unkind to pull the cat's tail.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:unkind:x4:1
# text = It's unkind to pull the cat's tail.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	unkind	unkind	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	pull	pull	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	's	's	PART	POS	_	7	case	_	_
9	tail	tail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | It |  |  |  |  | unkind *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **pull** | to-infinitive |  | the cat's tail |  |  |  |  | vn push-12-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tail=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I'm sorry I was unkind to you yesterday.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:unkind:x5:1
# text = I'm sorry I was unkind to you yesterday.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	'm	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	sorry	sorry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	unkind	unkind	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	ccomp	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	6	obl	_	_
9	yesterday	yesterday	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | I |  |  |  | yesterday | sorry *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | past | I |  | you |  |  | unkind *property* | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Leaving someone out of a game is unkind.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:unkind:x6:1
# text = Leaving someone out of a game is unkind.
1	Leaving	leave	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	csubj	_	_
2	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	1	obj	_	_
3	out	out	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	game	game	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	unkind	unkind	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leave** | gerund |  | someone |  | a game |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent someone=Theme out game=Location |
| 2 | **is** | present | Leaving |  |  |  |  | unkind *property* | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The unkind words made him cry.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:unkind:x7:1
# text = The unkind words made him cry.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	unkind	unkind	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	obj	_	_
6	cry	cry	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | the unkind words | him *= he* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **cry** *speech: express* | infinitive | him *= he* *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
How unkind of those ugly satyrs!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:unkind:x8:1
# text = How unkind of those ugly satyrs!
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	2	advmod	_	_
2	unkind	unkind	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	those	that	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	6	det	_	_
5	ugly	ugly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	satyrs	satyr	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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