---
title: unkindness — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «unkindness» in the school dictionary: Unkindness is being unkind, mean or cruel to others. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# unkindness

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Unkindness, She, place, He, Kindness · **What happens:** be, make, say, remember, win, encounter · **To what, where:** one unkind act, someone, small unkindness, unkindness, bad weather, such experiences · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«unkindness» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [unkindness in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/unkindness.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Unkindness is being unkind, mean or cruel to others.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:unkindness:m1:1
# text = Unkindness is being unkind, mean or cruel to others.
1	Unkindness	unkindness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	cop	_	_
4	unkind	unkind	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	mean	mean	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	cruel	cruel	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Unkindness |  |  |  |  | unkind *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | Unkindness *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **be** |  | Unkindness *not said here* |  |  |  |  | to others | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An unkindness is one unkind act or word.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:unkindness:m2:1
# text = An unkindness is one unkind act or word.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	unkindness	unkindness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
5	unkind	unkind	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	act	act	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a unkindness | one unkind act or word |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Unkindness can make someone very sad.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:unkindness:x1:1
# text = Unkindness can make someone very sad.
1	Unkindness	unkindness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	3	obj	_	_
5	very	very	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	sad	sad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | can | Unkindness | someone |  |  |  | sad *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset someone=Product |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She said sorry for her unkindness.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:unkindness:x2:1
# text = She said sorry for her unkindness.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	sorry	sorry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	unkindness	unkindness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: apologize* | past | She |  |  |  |  | sorry *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There is no place for unkindness in our class.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:unkindness:x3:1
# text = There is no place for unkindness in our class.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	is	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	4	det	_	_
4	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	unkindness	unkindness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | present | no place for unkindness in our class |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Unkindness to animals is wrong.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:unkindness:x4:1
# text = Unkindness to animals is wrong.
1	Unkindness	unkindness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	to	to	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	nmod	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	wrong	wrong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Unkindness to animals |  |  |  |  | wrong *property* | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He remembered every small unkindness.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:unkindness:x5:1
# text = He remembered every small unkindness.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	remembered	remember	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	5	det	_	_
4	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	unkindness	unkindness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **remember** | past | He | every small unkindness |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent unkindness=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Kindness wins over unkindness.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:unkindness:x6:1
# text = Kindness wins over unkindness.
1	Kindness	kindness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	wins	win	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	over	over	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	unkindness	unkindness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **win** | present | Kindness |  |  | unkindness |  |  | vn succeed-74-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He encountered bad weather, heavy seas, unkindness, and hard men--such were his experiences, for he became ship-boy.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:unkindness:x7:1
# text = He encountered bad weather, heavy seas, unkindness, and hard men--such were his experiences, for he became ship-boy.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	encountered	encounter	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	bad	bad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	weather	weather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	heavy	heavy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	seas	sea	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	unkindness	unkindness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	--	--	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
16	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	cop	_	_
17	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	18	nmod:poss	_	_
18	experiences	experience	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
20	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	22	mark	_	_
21	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj	_	_
22	became	become	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
23	ship	ship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	23	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **encounter** | past | He | bad weather and heavy seas and unkindness |  |  |  | hard men and his such experiences *obl* | vn encounter-30.5 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer weather=Stimulus |
| 2 | **is a** | past | He *not said here* | his such experiences |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **become** | past | he | ship boy |  |  |  |  | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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