---
title: unpaid — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «unpaid» in the school dictionary: Not paid yet: unpaid bills. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# unpaid

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** letter, Volunteers, bike, She, Unpaid fines, Helping · **What happens:** not pay, work, get, be, do, cost · **To what, where:** unpaid bills, money, unpaid bill, unpaid work, animal shelter, Sam

<!-- .vabout -->
«unpaid» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [unpaid in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/unpaid.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: of a bill or money — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Not paid yet: unpaid bills.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:unpaid:m1:1
# text = Not paid yet: unpaid bills.
1	Not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	2	advmod	_	_
2	paid	pay	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
3	yet	yet	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	6	punct	_	_
5	unpaid	unpaid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	bills	bill	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **pay** | participle |  | unpaid bills |  |  | yet |  | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: of work or a person — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Done or working without getting money: unpaid work, an unpaid helper.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:unpaid:m2:1
# text = Done or working without getting money: unpaid work, an unpaid helper.
1	Done	done	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
2	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	working	work	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	conj	_	_
4	without	without	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
5	getting	get	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
6	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
8	unpaid	unpaid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	unpaid	unpaid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	helper	helper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **work** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **get** | gerund |  | money |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP.beneficiary NP»: agent=Agent money=Beneficiary work=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Unpaid leave: time off work without pay.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:unpaid:m3:1
# text = Unpaid leave: time off work without pay.
1	Unpaid	unpaid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	leave	leave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	4	punct	_	_
4	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
5	off	off	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	without	without	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	pay	pay	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The letter was about an unpaid bill.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:unpaid:x1:1
# text = The letter was about an unpaid bill.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	letter	letter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	about	about	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
5	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	unpaid	unpaid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	bill	bill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the letter | a unpaid bill |  |  |  | about *property* | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Volunteers do unpaid work at the animal shelter.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:unpaid:x2:1
# text = Volunteers do unpaid work at the animal shelter.
1	Volunteers	volunteer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	do	do	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	unpaid	unpaid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	shelter	shelter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | present | Volunteers | unpaid work |  | the animal shelter |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent work=Eventuality |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The bike cost $150 and Sam has paid $90, so $60 is still unpaid.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:unpaid:x3:1
# text = The bike cost $150 and Sam has paid $90, so $60 is still unpaid.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bike	bike	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	cost	cost	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	$	$	SYM	$	_	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	150	150	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
7	Sam	Sam	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
8	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	paid	pay	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	_
10	$	$	SYM	$	_	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	90	90	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	10	nummod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
13	so	so	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
14	$	$	SYM	$	_	18	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	60	60	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	14	nummod	_	_
16	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	cop	_	_
17	still	still	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
18	unpaid	unpaid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cost** | present | the bike |  |  |  |  |  | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme $=Value |
| 2 | **pay** | present · perfect · passive |  | Sam |  |  |  |  | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP NP»: subject=Recipient $=Asset |
| 3 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  | still | unpaid *property* | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She took unpaid leave to look after her baby.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:unpaid:x4:1
# text = She took unpaid leave to look after her baby.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	unpaid	unpaid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
4	leave	leave	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	look	look	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	after	after	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	baby	baby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | past | She |  |  |  |  | unpaid *property* | vn require-103 «NP V for NP S\_INF»: agent=Theme clause=Precondition |
| 2 | **leave** | infinitive | She *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **look** | to-infinitive | She *not said here* |  |  |  | after her baby |  | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Unpaid fines can grow bigger.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:unpaid:x5:1
# text = Unpaid fines can grow bigger.
1	Unpaid	unpaid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	fines	fine	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	grow	grow	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	bigger	big	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	4	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | can | Unpaid fines |  |  |  |  | big *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Helping at home is unpaid but important.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:unpaid:x6:1
# text = Helping at home is unpaid but important.
1	Helping	help	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	csubj	_	_
2	at	at	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	home	home	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	unpaid	unpaid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	important	important	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | gerund |  |  |  | home |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present | Helping |  |  |  |  | unpaid *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **be** |  | Helping *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Finding that the cause of this punishment is an unpaid debt of fifty roubles, Nikita ransoms the greybeard, who straightway disappears.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:unpaid:x7:1
# text = Finding that the cause of this punishment is an unpaid debt of fifty roubles, Nikita ransoms the greybeard, who straightway disappears.
1	Finding	find	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	11	csubj	_	_
2	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	cause	cause	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	xcomp	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	7	det	_	_
7	punishment	punishment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
9	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	unpaid	unpaid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	debt	debt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	fifty	fifty	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	14	nummod	_	_
14	roubles	rouble	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	Nikita	Nikita	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	_
17	ransoms	ransom	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	conj	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	greybeard	greybeard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
21	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	23	nsubj	_	_
22	straightway	straightway	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nsubj	_	_
23	disappears	disappear	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | gerund |  | the cause of this punishment |  |  |  |  | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | present | Finding | a unpaid debt |  |  |  | of fifty roubles | tree rules |
| 3 | **ransom** | present | Nikita | the greybeard |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **disappear** | present | the greybeard |  |  |  |  |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **cause** |  |  | this punishment |  |  |  |  | nom cause «event transitive»: of=patient |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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