---
title: unproven — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «unproven» in the school dictionary: Unproven means not shown to be true; there is not yet enough evidence or proof. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# unproven

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Unproven, enough evidence, advert, idea, we, Ghost stories · **What happens:** mean, not show, be, make, test, look · **To what, where:** unproven claims, idea, unproven ideas, story · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«unproven» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [unproven in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/unproven.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Unproven means not shown to be true; there is not yet enough evidence or proof.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:unproven:m1:1
# text = Unproven means not shown to be true; there is not yet enough evidence or proof.
1	Unproven	Unproven	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	shown	show	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	ccomp	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
6	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	cop	_	_
7	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	10	expl	_	_
10	is	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
11	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	12	advmod	_	_
12	yet	yet	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
13	enough	enough	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	evidence	evidence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	proof	proof	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Unproven |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **not** **show** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | true *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **does** | present | enough evidence or proof |  |  | there | yet |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The advert made unproven claims about the drink.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:unproven:x1:1
# text = The advert made unproven claims about the drink.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	advert	advert	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	unproven	unproven	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	claims	claim	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	about	about	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	drink	drink	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | the advert | unproven claims |  |  |  | about the drink | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset claim=Product |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The idea is still unproven until we test it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:unproven:x2:1
# text = The idea is still unproven until we test it.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	idea	idea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	still	still	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	unproven	unproven	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
7	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	test	test	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	advcl	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the idea |  |  |  | still | unproven *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **test** | present | we | idea |  |  |  |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ghost stories are unproven.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:unproven:x3:1
# text = Ghost stories are unproven.
1	Ghost	ghost	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	stories	story	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	unproven	unproven	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Ghost stories |  |  |  |  | unproven *property* | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Scientists look for evidence to test unproven ideas.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:unproven:x4:1
# text = Scientists look for evidence to test unproven ideas.
1	Scientists	scientist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	look	look	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	for	for	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	evidence	evidence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	test	test	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
7	unproven	unproven	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	ideas	idea	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | present | Scientists |  |  |  |  | for evidence | vn rummage-35.5 «NP V PP.location PP.theme»: agent=Agent for evidence=Theme |
| 2 | **test** | to-infinitive | Scientists *not said here* | unproven ideas |  |  |  |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent idea=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
That cure is unproven and may not be safe.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:unproven:x5:1
# text = That cure is unproven and may not be safe.
1	That	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	cure	cure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	unproven	unproven	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
6	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
7	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
8	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	cop	_	_
9	safe	safe	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | that cure |  |  |  |  | unproven *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **is** | may | that cure *not said here* |  |  |  |  | safe *property* | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
His story was unproven because no one saw it happen.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:unproven:x6:1
# text = His story was unproven because no one saw it happen.
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	unproven	unproven	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
6	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	7	det	_	_
7	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	_
10	happen	happen	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | His story |  |  |  |  | unproven *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **see** | past | no one | story |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **happen** | infinitive | story *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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