---
title: unsound — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «unsound» in the school dictionary: Unsound means not safe or strong; in bad condition, like an unsound building or bridge. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# unsound

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Unsound, unsound mind, person, old bridge, you, branch · **What happens:** mean, not base, be, not make, close, not climb · **To what, where:** Unsound reasoning, good sense, person, responsible decisions, bridge, tree · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«unsound» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [unsound in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/unsound.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Unsound means not safe or strong; in bad condition, like an unsound building or bridge.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:unsound:m1:1
# text = Unsound means not safe or strong; in bad condition, like an unsound building or bridge.
1	Unsound	unsound	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	safe	safe	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	bad	bad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	condition	condition	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
12	like	like	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	unsound	unsound	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	building	building	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
16	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	bridge	bridge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Unsound |  |  |  |  | safe *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Unsound reasoning, ideas or advice are not based on good sense or facts; wrong or unreliable.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:unsound:m2:1
# text = Unsound reasoning, ideas or advice are not based on good sense or facts; wrong or unreliable.
1	Unsound	unsound	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	reasoning	reasoning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj:pass	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	ideas	idea	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	advice	advice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
7	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux:pass	_	_
8	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
9	based	base	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
10	on	on	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	sense	sense	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	facts	fact	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
16	wrong	wrong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	parataxis	_	_
17	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	unreliable	unreliable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **base** | present · passive |  | Unsound reasoning and ideas or advice |  | good sense or facts |  |  | vn base-97.1 «NP V NP PP.source»: subject=Theme on sense=Source |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: law, old-fashioned — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Of unsound mind» means a person who is mentally ill and cannot make responsible decisions.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:unsound:m3:1
# text = «Of unsound mind» means a person who is mentally ill and cannot make responsible decisions.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	unsound	unsound	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	mind	mind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
6	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
11	mentally	mentally	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
12	ill	ill	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	acl:relcl	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
14	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	16	advmod	_	_
16	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	conj	_	_
17	responsible	responsible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	decisions	decision	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | unsound mind | a person |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent person=Topic |
| 2 | **is** | present | a person |  |  |  |  | ill, mentally *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **not** **make** | can | unsound mind *not said here* | responsible decisions |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset decision=Product |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The old bridge was unsound, so it was closed.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:unsound:x1:1
# text = The old bridge was unsound, so it was closed.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	bridge	bridge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	unsound	unsound	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	so	so	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
9	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux:pass	_	_
10	closed	close	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the old bridge |  |  |  |  | unsound *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **close** | past · passive |  | bridge |  |  |  |  | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Don't climb that tree – the branch is unsound.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:unsound:x2:1
# text = Don't climb that tree – the branch is unsound.
1	Do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	climb	climb	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	5	det	_	_
5	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	–	-	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	branch	branch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
10	unsound	unsound	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **climb** | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* | that tree |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial\_Location tree=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present | the branch |  |  |  |  | unsound *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
His argument was unsound because the facts were wrong.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:unsound:x3:1
# text = His argument was unsound because the facts were wrong.
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	argument	argument	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	unsound	unsound	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	facts	fact	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
8	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	wrong	wrong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | His argument |  |  |  |  | unsound *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | past | the facts |  |  |  |  | wrong *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **argue** |  | His *= he* |  |  |  |  |  | nom argument «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The ice looked thick but was unsound.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:unsound:x4:1
# text = The ice looked thick but was unsound.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	looked	look	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	thick	thick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
5	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	unsound	unsound	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | past | the ice |  |  |  |  | thick *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |
| 2 | **is** | past | the ice *not said here* |  |  |  |  | unsound *property* | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The engineer said the walls were structurally unsound.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:unsound:x5:1
# text = The engineer said the walls were structurally unsound.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	engineer	engineer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	walls	wall	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
6	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	structurally	structurally	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	unsound	unsound	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the engineer |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | past | the walls |  |  |  |  | structurally, unsound *property* | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
That plan is financially unsound – it costs more than we have.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:unsound:x6:1
# text = That plan is financially unsound – it costs more than we have.
1	That	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	plan	plan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	financially	financially	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	unsound	unsound	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	–	-	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	costs	cost	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
9	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	8	obj	_	_
10	than	than	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
11	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
12	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | that plan |  |  |  |  | financially, unsound *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **cost** | present | plan | more |  |  |  |  | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme more=Value |
| 3 | **have** | present | we |  |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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