---
title: untouched — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «untouched» in the school dictionary: Untouched means not touched, not handled or not used. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# untouched

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Untouched, dinner, forest, houses, present, She · **What happens:** mean, not touch, not handle, not use, not eat, not damage · **To what, where:** Untouched food, plate, tree, drink, usual place · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«untouched» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [untouched in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/untouched.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Untouched means not touched, not handled or not used.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:untouched:m1:1
# text = Untouched means not touched, not handled or not used.
1	Untouched	untouched	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	touched	touch	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	7	advmod	_	_
7	handled	handle	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	10	advmod	_	_
10	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Untouched |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **not** **touch** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **not** **handle** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn hold-15.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **not** **use** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Untouched food has not been eaten.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:untouched:m2:1
# text = Untouched food has not been eaten.
1	Untouched	untouched	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
4	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	6	advmod	_	_
5	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	eaten	eat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **eat** | present · perfect · passive |  | Untouched food |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Untouched means not damaged or changed.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:untouched:m3:1
# text = Untouched means not damaged or changed.
1	Untouched	untouched	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	damaged	damage	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	ccomp	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	changed	change	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Untouched |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **not** **damage** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **change** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Untouched can mean not affected emotionally.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:untouched:m4:1
# text = Untouched can mean not affected emotionally.
1	Untouched	untouched	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
5	affected	affect	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	ccomp	_	_
6	emotionally	emotionally	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | can | Untouched |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **not** **affect** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | emotionally *property* | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
His dinner lay untouched on the plate.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:untouched:x1:1
# text = His dinner lay untouched on the plate.
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	dinner	dinner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	lay	lie	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	untouched	untouched	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	plate	plate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lie** | past | His dinner |  |  | the plate |  | untouched *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on plate=Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The forest is still untouched by roads.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:untouched:x2:1
# text = The forest is still untouched by roads.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	forest	forest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	still	still	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	untouched	untouched	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	roads	road	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the forest |  |  |  | still | by roads; untouched *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The houses on the hill were untouched by the flood.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:untouched:x3:1
# text = The houses on the hill were untouched by the flood.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	houses	house	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	hill	hill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	untouched	untouched	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
8	by	by	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	flood	flood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the houses on the hill |  |  |  |  | by the flood; untouched *property* | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The present sat untouched under the tree.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:untouched:x4:1
# text = The present sat untouched under the tree.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	present	present	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sat	sit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	untouched	untouched	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
5	under	under	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sit** | past | the present |  |  | the tree |  | untouched *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent under tree=Location |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She left her drink untouched.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:untouched:x5:1
# text = She left her drink untouched.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	left	leave	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	drink	drink	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	untouched	untouched	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leave** | past | She | her drink |  |  |  | untouched *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent drink=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Some beaches remain untouched and wild.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:untouched:x6:1
# text = Some beaches remain untouched and wild.
1	Some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	2	det	_	_
2	beaches	beach	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	remain	remain	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	untouched	untouched	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	wild	wild	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **remain** | present | some beaches |  |  |  |  | untouched *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He seemed untouched by the sad story.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:untouched:x7:1
# text = He seemed untouched by the sad story.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	seemed	seem	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	untouched	untouched	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	sad	sad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **seem** | past | He |  |  |  |  | untouched *property* | vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
But no, the keys were safe in their usual place, and the cupboard looked quite untouched.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:untouched:x8:1
# text = But no, the keys were safe in their usual place, and the cupboard looked quite untouched.
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
2	no	no	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Neg	7	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	keys	key	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
6	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	safe	safe	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
10	usual	usual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	cupboard	cupboard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
16	looked	look	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
17	quite	quite	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
18	untouched	untouched	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the keys |  |  | keys's usual place |  | safe *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **look** | past | the cupboard |  |  |  |  | untouched *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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