---
title: untrue — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «untrue» in the school dictionary: Untrue means not true; false or wrong. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/U/untrue/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/) / [U](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/U/) / untrue

# untrue

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Untrue, story, It, bats, She, Spreading · **What happens:** mean, be, say, get out, spread, hurt · **To what, where:** loyal, something, trouble, untrue rumours, people, claims · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«untrue» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [untrue in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/untrue.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Untrue means not true; false or wrong.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:untrue:m1:1
# text = Untrue means not true; false or wrong.
1	Untrue	untrue	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	6	punct	_	_
6	false	false	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	ccomp	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	wrong	wrong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Untrue |  |  |  |  | true *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In old or poetic use, untrue means not loyal or faithful to someone.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:untrue:m2:1
# text = In old or poetic use, untrue means not loyal or faithful to someone.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	poetic	poetic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	_
5	use	use	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	untrue	untrue	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	nsubj	_	_
8	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	10	advmod	_	_
10	loyal	loyal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	obj	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	faithful	faithful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	conj	_	_
13	to	to	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | untrue | loyal |  |  |  | in old use | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot loyal=Theme in use=Attribute |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
That story about the teacher is untrue.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:untrue:x1:1
# text = That story about the teacher is untrue.
1	That	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	about	about	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	untrue	untrue	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | that story about the teacher |  |  |  |  | untrue *property* | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is untrue that bats are blind.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:untrue:x2:1
# text = It is untrue that bats are blind.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	untrue	untrue	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
5	bats	bat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
6	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	blind	blind	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | It |  |  |  |  | untrue *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | bats |  |  |  |  | blind *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She said something untrue to get out of trouble.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:untrue:x3:1
# text = She said something untrue to get out of trouble.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	untrue	untrue	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	get	get	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	out	out	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	trouble	trouble	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | She | something |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent something=Topic |
| 2 | **get out** | to-infinitive | She *not said here* | trouble |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Spreading untrue rumours can hurt people.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:untrue:x4:1
# text = Spreading untrue rumours can hurt people.
1	Spreading	spread	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	csubj	_	_
2	untrue	untrue	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	rumours	rumour	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	hurt	hurt	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spread** | gerund |  | untrue rumours |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location rumour=Theme |
| 2 | **hurt** | can | Spreading | people |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer people=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The statement «5 + 3 = 9» is untrue.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:untrue:x5:1
# text = The statement «5 + 3 = 9» is untrue.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	statement	statement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
3	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	appos	_	_
5	+	+	SYM	SYM	_	6	cc	_	_
6	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	conj	_	_
7	=	=	SYM	SYM	_	8	case	_	_
8	9	9	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
11	untrue	untrue	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the statement |  |  |  |  | untrue *property* | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Some adverts make claims that are untrue.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:untrue:x6:1
# text = Some adverts make claims that are untrue.
1	Some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	2	det	_	_
2	adverts	advert	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	make	make	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	claims	claim	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
6	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	untrue	untrue	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | some adverts | claims |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset claim=Product |
| 2 | **is** | present | claims |  |  |  |  | untrue *property* | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The rumour turned out to be untrue.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:untrue:x7:1
# text = The rumour turned out to be untrue.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	rumour	rumour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	turned	turn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	out	out	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
6	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	cop	_	_
7	untrue	untrue	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn out** | past | the rumour |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | to-infinitive | the rumour *not said here* |  |  |  |  | untrue *property* | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Many tales are told of his ad-ven-tures, some of them true and some of them untrue.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:untrue:x8:1
# text = Many tales are told of his ad-ven-tures, some of them true and some of them untrue.
1	Many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	tales	tale	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	told	tell	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
7	ad	ad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	ven	ven	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	tures	ture	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
13	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	16	nsubj	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nmod	_	_
16	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	parataxis	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
18	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	21	nsubj	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nmod	_	_
21	untrue	untrue	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | present · passive |  | Many tales |  |  |  | of his ad ven tures | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [untried](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/U/untried/)
- next →: [untrustworthy](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/U/untrustworthy/)
- ↑ back to [U in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/U/)