---
title: untrustworthy — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «untrustworthy» in the school dictionary: Untrustworthy means not able to be trusted: a person who may lie or break promises, or information that may be false. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# untrustworthy

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Untrustworthy, person, information, He, everyone, website · **What happens:** mean, trust, lie, break, be, tell · **To what, where:** information, promises, many lies, him, password, secrets · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«untrustworthy» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [untrustworthy in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/untrustworthy.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Untrustworthy means not able to be trusted: a person who may lie or break promises, or information that may be false.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:untrustworthy:m1:1
# text = Untrustworthy means not able to be trusted: a person who may lie or break promises, or information that may be false.
1	Untrustworthy	Untrustworthy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	able	able	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
6	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	trusted	trust	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
11	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	13	nsubj	_	_
12	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
13	lie	lie	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	conj	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	break	break	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	conj	_	_
16	promises	promise	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
18	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	information	information	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
20	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	23	nsubj	_	_
21	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	23	aux	_	_
22	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	23	cop	_	_
23	false	false	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Untrustworthy |  |  |  |  | able *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **trust** | to-infinitive · passive | Untrustworthy *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V that S» |
| 3 | **lie** | may | a person | information |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **break** | infinitive | a person *not said here* | promises |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer promise=Patient |
| 5 | **is** | may | information |  |  |  |  | false *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He told so many lies that everyone found him untrustworthy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:untrustworthy:x1:1
# text = He told so many lies that everyone found him untrustworthy.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	told	tell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	so	so	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	lies	lie	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
6	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
7	everyone	everyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	8	nsubj	_	_
8	found	find	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
9	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	_
10	untrustworthy	untrustworthy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | past | He | many lies |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent lie=Recipient |
| 2 | **find** | past | everyone | him *= he* |  |  |  | untrustworthy *property* | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Topic |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
That website looks untrustworthy, so don't type your password.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:untrustworthy:x2:1
# text = That website looks untrustworthy, so don't type your password.
1	That	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	website	website	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	looks	look	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	untrustworthy	untrustworthy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
6	so	so	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
7	do	do	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
9	type	type	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	_
10	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	password	password	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | present | that website |  |  |  |  | untrustworthy *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |
| 2 | **not** **type** | infinitive · do-support | that website *not said here* | your password |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent password=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An untrustworthy friend shares your secrets.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:untrustworthy:x3:1
# text = An untrustworthy friend shares your secrets.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	untrustworthy	untrustworthy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	shares	share	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	secrets	secret	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **share** | present | a untrustworthy friend | your secrets |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The fox in the story is clever but untrustworthy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:untrustworthy:x4:1
# text = The fox in the story is clever but untrustworthy.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	fox	fox	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	clever	clever	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
8	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	untrustworthy	untrustworthy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the fox in the story |  |  |  |  | clever *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | the fox in the story *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Check facts from untrustworthy sources against good ones.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:untrustworthy:x5:1
# text = Check facts from untrustworthy sources against good ones.
1	Check	check	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	facts	fact	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
3	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	untrustworthy	untrustworthy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	sources	source	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	_
6	against	against	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	ones	one	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **check** | imperative | you *not said here* | facts |  | untrustworthy sources against good ones |  |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fact=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Breaking promises makes you seem untrustworthy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:untrustworthy:x6:1
# text = Breaking promises makes you seem untrustworthy.
1	Breaking	break	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	csubj	_	_
2	promises	promise	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
3	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	seem	seem	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	untrustworthy	untrustworthy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **break** | gerund |  | promises |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer promise=Patient |
| 2 | **make** | present | Breaking | you |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **seem** | infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | untrustworthy *property* | vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A Rogue laid a wager that he would prove the Oracle at Delphi to be untrustworthy by procuring from it a false reply to an inquiry by himself.

<!-- fold The tree, 28 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:untrustworthy:x7:1
# text = A Rogue laid a wager that he would prove the Oracle at Delphi to be untrustworthy by procuring from it a false reply to an inquiry by himself.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Rogue	rogue	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	laid	lay	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	wager	wager	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
7	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
8	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	prove	prove	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	Oracle	Oracle	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
12	at	at	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	Delphi	Delphi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
14	to	to	PART	TO	_	16	mark	_	_
15	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	cop	_	_
16	untrustworthy	untrustworthy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	xcomp	_	_
17	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	18	mark	_	_
18	procuring	procure	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	16	advcl	_	_
19	from	from	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	obl	_	_
21	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
22	false	false	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	reply	reply	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	_
24	to	to	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	inquiry	inquiry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nmod	_	_
27	by	by	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	26	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lay** | past | a Rogue | a wager |  |  |  |  | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wager=Result |
| 2 | **prove** | would | Rogue | the Oracle |  | Delphi |  |  | vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent oracle=Theme |
| 3 | **is** | to-infinitive | Rogue *not said here* |  |  |  |  | untrustworthy *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **procure** | gerund | Rogue *not said here* | a false reply |  |  |  | from Oracle; to a inquiry by Rogue | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent reply=Theme from it=Source |
| 5 | **inquire** |  | Rogue |  |  |  |  |  | nom inquiry «cognition transitive»: by=agent |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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