---
title: untruthfulness — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «untruthfulness» in the school dictionary: Untruthfulness is the quality or habit of not telling the truth; being dishonest or lying. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# untruthfulness

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Untruthfulness, habit, friends, boy, teacher, Christians · **What happens:** be, not tell, lie, mean, lose, trust · **To what, where:** quality, truth, falseness, him, wolf, boy · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«untruthfulness» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [untruthfulness in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/untruthfulness.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Untruthfulness is the quality or habit of not telling the truth; being dishonest or lying.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:untruthfulness:m1:1
# text = Untruthfulness is the quality or habit of not telling the truth; being dishonest or lying.
1	Untruthfulness	untruthfulness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	quality	quality	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	habit	habit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
7	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
8	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
9	telling	tell	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	acl	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	truth	truth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	14	cop	_	_
14	dishonest	dishonest	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	parataxis	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	lying	lie	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Untruthfulness | the quality or habit |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **tell** *speech: assert* | gerund | habit *not said here* | the truth |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent truth=Recipient |
| 3 | **is** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | dishonest *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **lie** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Untruthfulness can also mean the falseness of a statement.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:untruthfulness:m2:1
# text = Untruthfulness can also mean the falseness of a statement.
1	Untruthfulness	untruthfulness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	also	also	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	falseness	falseness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	statement	statement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | can | Untruthfulness | the falseness of a statement |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent falseness=Topic |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
His untruthfulness lost him his friends' trust.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:untruthfulness:x1:1
# text = His untruthfulness lost him his friends' trust.
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	untruthfulness	untruthfulness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	lost	lose	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	friends	friend	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	'	's	PART	POS	_	6	case	_	_
8	trust	trust	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lose** | past | His untruthfulness | him *= he* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **trust** |  | untruthfulness's friends |  |  |  |  |  | nom trust «possession intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The boy who cried wolf was punished for his untruthfulness.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:untruthfulness:x2:1
# text = The boy who cried wolf was punished for his untruthfulness.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
4	cried	cry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
5	wolf	wolf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	punished	punish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	untruthfulness	untruthfulness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cry** *speech: express* | past | the boy | wolf |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wolf=Topic |
| 2 | **punish** | past · passive |  | the boy |  |  |  | for boy's untruthfulness | vn prosecute-33.2-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Patient for untruthfulness=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The teacher was upset by the untruthfulness of the excuse.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:untruthfulness:x3:1
# text = The teacher was upset by the untruthfulness of the excuse.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	upset	upset	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	untruthfulness	untruthfulness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	excuse	excuse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the teacher |  |  |  |  | by the untruthfulness of the excuse; upset *property* | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Untruthfulness in adverts is against the law.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:untruthfulness:x4:1
# text = Untruthfulness in adverts is against the law.
1	Untruthfulness	untruthfulness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	adverts	advert	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	nmod	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	against	against	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	law	law	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Untruthfulness in adverts |  |  |  |  | against the law | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Christians believe untruthfulness harms the soul and others.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:untruthfulness:x5:1
# text = Christians believe untruthfulness harms the soul and others.
1	Christians	Christian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	believe	believe	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	untruthfulness	untruthfulness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	harms	harm	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	ccomp	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	soul	soul	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **believe** | present | Christians |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 2 | **harm** | present | untruthfulness | the soul and others |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus soul=Experiencer |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The judge noticed the untruthfulness of the witness.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:untruthfulness:x6:1
# text = The judge noticed the untruthfulness of the witness.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	judge	judge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	noticed	notice	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	untruthfulness	untruthfulness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	witness	witness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **notice** | past | the judge | the untruthfulness of the witness |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer untruthfulness=Stimulus |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He was caned for untruthfulness without any delay.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:untruthfulness:x7:1
# text = He was caned for untruthfulness without any delay.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	caned	cane	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	untruthfulness	untruthfulness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	without	without	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	8	det	_	_
8	delay	delay	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cane** | past · passive |  | He |  |  |  | for untruthfulness; without any delay | vn spank-18.3 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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